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Android开发手写(32) 使用摄像头拍照

热度:92   发布时间:2016-04-27 22:07:09.0
Android开发手记(32) 使用摄像头拍照

      在Android中,使用摄像头拍照一般有两种方法, 一种是调用系统自带的Camera,另一种是自己写一个摄像的界面。

      我们要添加如下权限:

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/>

1、调用系统Camera

      调用系统自带的Camera主要的步骤为:

(1)构造图片存储的路径名

(2)使用Intent启动Camera Activity

(3)将拍摄的图片写入到文件

(4)将图片显示在MainActivity中

      首先,构造图片名:

                File filePath = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "myCamera");                if(!filePath.exists()){                    filePath.mkdirs();                }                fileName = new File(filePath, System.currentTimeMillis() + ".jpg");                try{                    if(!fileName.exists()){                        fileName.createNewFile();                    }                }catch (Exception e){                    e.printStackTrace();                }

      然后,启动Camera Activity:

              // intent用来启动系统自带的Camera              Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);              // 将系统Camera的拍摄结果写入到文件                intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, Uri.fromFile(fileName));              // 启动intent对应的Activity,返回默认消息                startActivityForResult(intent, Activity.DEFAULT_KEYS_DIALER);

      最后,将图片显示在MainActivity内。这时,我们通过重载onActivityResult()方法来获取Camera返回的消息。

    @Override    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data){        if(requestCode == Activity.DEFAULT_KEYS_DIALER){            // MainActivity接收Camera返回的消息,然后将已经写入的图片显示在ImageView内            imageView.setImageURI(Uri.fromFile(fileName));        }    }

完整代码为:

import android.app.Activity;import android.content.Intent;import android.net.Uri;import android.os.Bundle;import android.os.Environment;import android.provider.MediaStore;import android.util.Log;import android.view.View;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.ImageView;import java.io.File;public class MainActivity extends Activity {    private File fileName = null;    private Button button;    private ImageView imageView;    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);        button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button);        imageView = (ImageView)findViewById(R.id.imageView);        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(View v) {                File filePath = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "myCamera");                if(!filePath.exists()){                    filePath.mkdirs();                }                fileName = new File(filePath, System.currentTimeMillis() + ".jpg");                try{                    if(!fileName.exists()){                        fileName.createNewFile();                    }                }catch (Exception e){                    e.printStackTrace();                }                // intent用来启动系统自带的Camera                Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);                // 将系统Camera的拍摄结果写入到文件                intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, Uri.fromFile(fileName));                // 启动intent对应的Activity,返回默认消息                startActivityForResult(intent, Activity.DEFAULT_KEYS_DIALER);            }        });    }    @Override    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data){        if(requestCode == Activity.DEFAULT_KEYS_DIALER){            // MainActivity接收Camera返回的消息,然后将已经写入的图片显示在ImageView内            imageView.setImageURI(Uri.fromFile(fileName));        }    }}

2、自己写一个摄像界面

      自己写摄像的界面,主要应用了SurfaceView来显示摄像机的画面。然后通过一个Button来保存当前的画面。

      同样的,我们需要添加camera和SDCard权限:

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/>

      首先,我们初始化这个SurfaceView,为这个SurfaceView添加一个对应的Callback即可:

    private SurfaceView surfaceView;    private SurfaceHolder.Callback callback;    surfaceView = (SurfaceView)findViewById(R.id.surfaceView);        callback = new SurfaceHolder.Callback(){            @Override            public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {                startCamera();   // 用于启动摄像头            }            @Override            public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) {            }            @Override            public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {                stopCamera();    // 用于关闭摄像头            }        };        surfaceView.getHolder().addCallback(callback); // 将Callback绑定到SurfaceView

      在启动摄像头的时候,首先打开摄像头连接,然后将其图像输出到SurfaceView上,然后启动摄像头预览即可在SurfaceView上显示摄像头的画面,这里的画面和实际画面相差有90度,所以我们需要将图像旋转90度之后才可以和拍摄的物体方向一致。

      在关闭摄像头时,只要停止预览,然后释放摄像头资源即可。

    public void startCamera(){        camera = Camera.open();        try {            camera.setPreviewDisplay(surfaceView.getHolder());            camera.setDisplayOrientation(90);            camera.startPreview();        } catch (IOException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }    }    public void stopCamera(){        camera.stopPreview();        camera.release();        camera = null;    }

      最后,是将拍摄到的图片保存到SDCard,我们单击Button来拍摄图片,调用Camera.takePicture()方法,其原型为:

/**     * Equivalent to takePicture(shutter, raw, null, jpeg).     *     * @see #takePicture(ShutterCallback, PictureCallback, PictureCallback, PictureCallback)     */    public final void takePicture(ShutterCallback shutter, PictureCallback raw,            PictureCallback jpeg) {        takePicture(shutter, raw, null, jpeg);    }

      其中,shutter为按快门瞬间的回调,就是说按快门瞬间会调用ShutterCallback.onShutter()方法。raw是未压缩的图像的回调,即处理图像原始数据的时候会调用PictureCallback.onPictureTaken()方法。jpeg为处理JPEG图片时候的回调,即我们需要将图像数据按照jpg格式保存的时候会调用这个方法,PictureCallback.onPIctureTaken()。这里我们就调用了这个方法,从而将jpg图片存储到SDCard上。

      button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(View v) {                camera.takePicture(null, null, new Camera.PictureCallback() {                    @Override                    public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) {                        try {                            File filePath = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "myCamera");                            if(!filePath.exists()) {                                filePath.mkdirs();                            }                            File fileName = new File(filePath, System.currentTimeMillis() + ".jpg");                            fileName.createNewFile();                            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(fileName);                            fos.write(data);                            fos.flush();                            fos.close();                        } catch (IOException e) {                            e.printStackTrace();                        }                    }                });            }        });

      这样,我们便实现了用SurfaceView预览摄像头画面,点击Button将当前预览保存到SDCard中。

完整代码如下:

import android.app.Activity;import android.hardware.Camera;import android.os.Bundle;import android.os.Environment;import android.view.SurfaceHolder;import android.view.SurfaceView;import android.view.View;import android.widget.Button;import java.io.File;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;public class MainActivity extends Activity {    private Camera camera;    private Button button;    private SurfaceView surfaceView;    private SurfaceHolder.Callback callback;    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);        button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button);        surfaceView = (SurfaceView)findViewById(R.id.surfaceView);        callback = new SurfaceHolder.Callback(){            @Override            public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {                startCamera();            }            @Override            public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) {            }            @Override            public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {                stopCamera();            }        };        surfaceView.getHolder().addCallback(callback);        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(View v) {                camera.takePicture(null, null, new Camera.PictureCallback() {                    @Override                    public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) {                        try {                            File filePath = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "myCamera");                            if(!filePath.exists()) {                                filePath.mkdirs();                            }                            File fileName = new File(filePath, System.currentTimeMillis() + ".jpg");                            fileName.createNewFile();                            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(fileName);                            fos.write(data);                            fos.flush();                            fos.close();                        } catch (IOException e) {                            e.printStackTrace();                        }                    }                });            }        });    }    public void startCamera(){        camera = Camera.open();        try {            camera.setPreviewDisplay(surfaceView.getHolder());            camera.setDisplayOrientation(90);            camera.startPreview();        } catch (IOException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }    }    public void stopCamera(){        camera.stopPreview();        camera.release();        camera = null;    }    }
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