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Android自定义view(低级篇)

热度:53   发布时间:2016-04-27 23:17:24.0
Android自定义view(初级篇)
Q1:为什么要自定义view?A:由于很多系统自带的view满足不了当前设计需求或者为了达到更良好的用户体验,增加UI的美化效果,就需要自定viewQ2:自定义view有那几个步骤?A:>用户可根据需要extends View这个父类,然后重写父类的方法;如:onDraw();onMeasure()等;  >如果用户在自定义View事需要添加属性,则必须在values文件夹下新建"attrs.xml"文件,在其中添加自定义属性。 下面来进行自定义view的学习。一、最基本的自定义view;例如:新建一个类CustomEditText 继承EditText其特点:拥有EditText的全部方法,就和EditText一模一样,只是名字不同了而已。使用方法有两种:>在代码中调用,CustomEditText cet=new CustomEditText(context);>在xml中调用,需要写全包名及类名,否则会报The following classes could not be found;关键代码如下:自定义view:public class CustomEditText extends EditText {	public CustomEditText(Context context) {		super(context);		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub	}	public CustomEditText(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {		super(context, attrs);		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub	}	public CustomEditText(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {		super(context, attrs, defStyle);		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub	}}xml中使用:<! -- com.anqiansong.views为CustomEditText所在位置的包名--><com.anqiansong.views.CustomEditText        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="自定义EditText" />

二、在上面的CustomEditText中重写onDraw()方法实现删除线text效果;@Overrideprotected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {	// TODO Auto-generated method stub	super.onDraw(canvas);	Paint paint=new Paint();//新建画笔对象	paint.setColor(Color.BLACK);//设置画笔颜色	paint.setAntiAlias(true);//设置是否抗锯齿	paint.setStrokeWidth(2);//设置画笔的粗细	//设置线条的x轴方向的起始点,y轴方向的起始点	canvas.drawLine(this.getLeft(), (this.getBottom()-this.getTop())/2, this.getRight(), (this.getBottom()-this.getTop())/2, paint);}

三、比如我们现在在xml中使用时添加一个lineColor属性(删除线的颜色),该怎么实现呢?>首先需要在values下新建attrs.xml文件;>然后根据需要添加相应的属性及属性所属类型>使用关键代码:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><resources>    <!--declare-styleable:声明样式类型;attr name=""声明属性名;format="属性的类型"  -->    <declare-styleable name="CustomEditText">        <attr name="lineColor" format="color" />    </declare-styleable></resources>备注:format的属性值见*附录一在xml中调用:以下代码必须声明,否则找不到之前定义的属性名,则不能用,可以声明在根布局中,也可以在调用时声明xmlns:CustomEditText="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.anqiansong.androidcustomview"(如果没有声明,在引用属性时系统也会提示然后根据提示自动生成将是已xmlns:app=.....这种模式)说明:xmlns:***="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/packagename"***主要是在调用时需要,如android:textColor="#ffffff";这里的“android”方式1中的CustomEditText:lineColor="#ff0000"的CustomEditText,方式2中的mylinecolor而packagename则为当前工程包名如果这两个不是这种格式,则也引用不了自定义的属性此外,既然在xml中设置的lineColor的值,在自定义view中的构造方法中就要去获取这个属性的颜色值;如代码:public class CustomEditText extends EditText {	private int lineColor;//删除线颜色全局变量	public CustomEditText(Context context) {		super(context);		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub	}	public CustomEditText(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {		super(context, attrs);		Paint paint=new Paint();		TypedArray array = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.CustomEditText);		lineColor=array.getColor(R.styleable.CustomEditText_lineColor, Color.BLACK);//获取xml中设置的删除线的颜色值,这里的CustomEditText_lineColor是由attrs中的styleable中的名字和属性名加"_"组合而成		array.recycle();	}	public CustomEditText(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {		super(context, attrs, defStyle);		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub	}	@Override	protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {		// TODO Auto-generated method stub		super.onDraw(canvas);		Paint paint=new Paint();//新建画笔对象		paint.setColor(lineColor);//设置画笔颜色		paint.setAntiAlias(true);//设置是否抗锯齿		paint.setStrokeWidth(2);//设置画笔的粗细		//设置线条的x轴方向的起始点,y轴方向的起始点		canvas.drawLine(this.getLeft(), (this.getBottom()-this.getTop())/2, this.getRight(), (this.getBottom()-this.getTop())/2, paint);	}}方式1:<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    xmlns:CustomEditText="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.anqiansong.androidcustomview"    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="match_parent" >    <com.anqiansong.views.CustomEditText        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="自定义EditText"         CustomEditText:lineColor="#ff0000"        /></RelativeLayout>方式2:<com.anqiansong.views.CustomEditText        xmlns:mylinecolor="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.anqiansong.androidcustomview"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="自定义EditText"         mylinecolor:lineColor="#ff0000"        />同样的原理,我们可以对删除线的粗细添加一个属性lineHeight,代码如下:添加属性:<attr name="lineHeight" format="dimension"/>引用属性:mylinecolor:lineHeight="5dp"自定义view中获取lineHeight并设置粗细:lineHeight=array.getDimension(R.styleable.CustomEditText_lineHeight, 2);在ondraw()方法中paint.setStrokeWidth(lineHeight);//设置画笔的粗细

附录一:附:Android中自定义属性的格式详解(引自:http://www.cnblogs.com/zhangs1986/p/3243040.html,作者:欢醉,请尊重原创)1. reference:参考某一资源ID。    (1)属性定义:            <declare-styleable name = "名称">                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference" />            </declare-styleable>    (2)属性使用:             <ImageView                     android:layout_width = "42dip"                     android:layout_height = "42dip"                     android:background = "@drawable/图片ID"                     />2. color:颜色值。    (1)属性定义:            <declare-styleable name = "名称">                   <attr name = "textColor" format = "color" />            </declare-styleable>    (2)属性使用:            <TextView                     android:layout_width = "42dip"                     android:layout_height = "42dip"                     android:textColor = "#00FF00"                     />3. boolean:布尔值。    (1)属性定义:            <declare-styleable name = "名称">                   <attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />            </declare-styleable>    (2)属性使用:            <Button                    android:layout_width = "42dip"                    android:layout_height = "42dip"                    android:focusable = "true"                    />4. dimension:尺寸值。    (1)属性定义:            <declare-styleable name = "名称">                   <attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />            </declare-styleable>    (2)属性使用:            <Button                    android:layout_width = "42dip"                    android:layout_height = "42dip"                    />5. float:浮点值。    (1)属性定义:            <declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation">                   <attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />                   <attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />            </declare-styleable>    (2)属性使用:            <alpha                   android:fromAlpha = "1.0"                   android:toAlpha = "0.7"                   />6. integer:整型值。    (1)属性定义:            <declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable">                   <attr name = "visible" />                   <attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />                   <attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />                   <attr name = "pivotX" />                   <attr name = "pivotY" />                   <attr name = "drawable" />            </declare-styleable>    (2)属性使用:            <animated-rotate                   xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"                    android:drawable = "@drawable/图片ID"                    android:pivotX = "50%"                    android:pivotY = "50%"                    android:framesCount = "12"                    android:frameDuration = "100"                   />7. string:字符串。    (1)属性定义:            <declare-styleable name = "MapView">                   <attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" />            </declare-styleable>    (2)属性使用:            <com.google.android.maps.MapView                    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"                    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"                    android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g"                    />8. fraction:百分数。    (1)属性定义:            <declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable">                   <attr name = "visible" />                   <attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" />                   <attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" />                   <attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />                   <attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />                   <attr name = "drawable" />            </declare-styleable>    (2)属性使用:            <rotate  xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"               android:interpolator = "@anim/动画ID"                 android:fromDegrees = "0"               android:toDegrees = "360"                 android:pivotX = "200%"                 android:pivotY = "300%"               android:duration = "5000"                 android:repeatMode = "restart"                 android:repeatCount = "infinite"                   />9. enum:枚举值。    (1)属性定义:            <declare-styleable name="名称">                   <attr name="orientation">                          <enum name="horizontal" value="0" />                          <enum name="vertical" value="1" />                   </attr>                       </declare-styleable>    (2)属性使用:            <LinearLayout                    xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"                    android:orientation = "vertical"                    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"                    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"                    >            </LinearLayout>10. flag:位或运算。     (1)属性定义:             <declare-styleable name="名称">                    <attr name="windowSoftInputMode">                            <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />                            <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />                            <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />                            <flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" />                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" />                            <flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" />                            <flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" />                            <flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" />                            <flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" />                     </attr>                     </declare-styleable>     (2)属性使用:            <activity                   android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"                   android:label = "@string/app_name"                   android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden">                   <intent-filter>                          <action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />                          <category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />                   </intent-filter>             </activity>     注意:     属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。    (1)属性定义:            <declare-styleable name = "名称">                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />            </declare-styleable>    (2)属性使用:             <ImageView                     android:layout_width = "42dip"                     android:layout_height = "42dip"                     android:background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00"                     />


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