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Android Service生命周期及用法

热度:94   发布时间:2016-04-28 06:57:15.0
Android Service生命周期及用法!
这一节我将讲解一下Service,首先我们要知道Service具体是干什么的,什么时候用到?以及它的生命周期等。

Service概念及用途:

Android中的服务,它与Activity不同,它是不能与用户交互的,不能自己启动的,运行在后台的程序,如果我们退出应用时,Service进程并没有结束,它仍然在后台运行,那 我们什么时候会用到Service呢?比如我们播放音乐的时候,有可能想边听音乐边干些其他事情,当我们退出播放音乐的应用,如果不用Service,我 们就听不到歌了,所以这时候就得用到Service了,又比如当我们一个应用的数据是通过网络获取的,不同时间(一段时间)的数据是不同的这时候我们可以 用Service在后台定时更新,而不用每打开应用的时候在去获取。

Service生命周期 :

Android Service的生命周期并不像Activity那么复杂,它只继承了onCreate(),onStart(),onDestroy()三个方法,当我 们第一次启动Service时,先后调用了onCreate(),onStart()这两个方法,当停止Service时,则执行onDestroy()方法,这里需要注意的是,如果Service已经启动了,当我们再次启动Service时,不会在执行onCreate()方法,而是直接执行onStart()方法,具体的可以看下面的实例。

Service与Activity通信:

Service后端的数据最终还是要呈现在前端Activity之上的,因为启动Service时,系统会重新开启一个新 的进程,这就涉及到不同进程间通信的问题了(AIDL)这一节我不作过多描述,当我们想获取启动的Service实例时,我们可以用到 bindService和onBindService方法,它们分别执行了Service中IBinder()和onUnbind()方法。

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为了让大家 更容易理解,我写了一个简单的Demo,大家可以模仿着我,一步一步的来。

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第一步:新建一个Android工程,我这里命名为ServiceDemo.

第二步:修改main.xml代码,我这里增加了四个按钮,代码如下:

[java] view plaincopyprint?
  1. <?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="utf-8"?>??
  2. <LinearLayout?xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"??
  3. ????android:orientation="vertical"??
  4. ????android:layout_width="fill_parent"??
  5. ????android:layout_height="fill_parent"??
  6. ????>??
  7. ????<TextView??
  8. ????????android:id="@+id/text"????
  9. ????????android:layout_width="fill_parent"???
  10. ????????android:layout_height="wrap_content"???
  11. ????????android:text="@string/hello"??
  12. ????????/>??
  13. ????<Button??
  14. ????????android:id="@+id/startservice"??
  15. ????????android:layout_width="fill_parent"??
  16. ????????android:layout_height="wrap_content"??
  17. ????????android:text="startService"??
  18. ????/>??
  19. ????<Button??
  20. ????????android:id="@+id/stopservice"??
  21. ????????android:layout_width="fill_parent"??
  22. ????????android:layout_height="wrap_content"??
  23. ????????android:text="stopService"??
  24. ????/>??
  25. ????<Button??
  26. ????????android:id="@+id/bindservice"??
  27. ????????android:layout_width="fill_parent"??
  28. ????????android:layout_height="wrap_content"??
  29. ????????android:text="bindService"??
  30. ????/>??
  31. ????<Button??
  32. ????????android:id="@+id/unbindservice"??
  33. ????????android:layout_width="fill_parent"??
  34. ????????android:layout_height="wrap_content"??
  35. ????????android:text="unbindService"??
  36. ????/>??
  37. </LinearLayout>??

第三步:新建一个Service,命名为MyService.java代码如下:

[java] view plaincopyprint?
  1. package?com.tutor.servicedemo;??
  2. import?android.app.Service;??
  3. import?android.content.Intent;??
  4. import?android.os.Binder;??
  5. import?android.os.IBinder;??
  6. import?android.text.format.Time;??
  7. import?android.util.Log;??
  8. public?class?MyService?extends?Service?{??
  9. ????//定义个一个Tag标签??
  10. ????private?static?final?String?TAG?=?"MyService";??
  11. ????//这里定义吧一个Binder类,用在onBind()有方法里,这样Activity那边可以获取到??
  12. ????private?MyBinder?mBinder?=?new?MyBinder();??
  13. ????@Override??
  14. ????public?IBinder?onBind(Intent?intent)?{??
  15. ????????Log.e(TAG,?"start?IBinder~~~");??
  16. ????????return?mBinder;??
  17. ????}??
  18. ????@Override??
  19. ????public?void?onCreate()?{??
  20. ????????Log.e(TAG,?"start?onCreate~~~");??
  21. ????????super.onCreate();??
  22. ????}??
  23. ??????
  24. ????@Override??
  25. ????public?void?onStart(Intent?intent,?int?startId)?{??
  26. ????????Log.e(TAG,?"start?onStart~~~");??
  27. ????????super.onStart(intent,?startId);???
  28. ????}??
  29. ??????
  30. ????@Override??
  31. ????public?void?onDestroy()?{??
  32. ????????Log.e(TAG,?"start?onDestroy~~~");??
  33. ????????super.onDestroy();??
  34. ????}??
  35. ??????
  36. ??????
  37. ????@Override??
  38. ????public?boolean?onUnbind(Intent?intent)?{??
  39. ????????Log.e(TAG,?"start?onUnbind~~~");??
  40. ????????return?super.onUnbind(intent);??
  41. ????}??
  42. ??????
  43. ????//这里我写了一个获取当前时间的函数,不过没有格式化就先这么着吧??
  44. ????public?String?getSystemTime(){??
  45. ??????????
  46. ????????Time?t?=?new?Time();??
  47. ????????t.setToNow();??
  48. ????????return?t.toString();??
  49. ????}??
  50. ??????
  51. ????public?class?MyBinder?extends?Binder{??
  52. ????????MyService?getService()??
  53. ????????{??
  54. ????????????return?MyService.this;??
  55. ????????}??
  56. ????}??
  57. }??

第四步:修改ServiceDemo.java,代码如下:

[java] view plaincopyprint?
  1. package?com.tutor.servicedemo;??
  2. import?android.app.Activity;??
  3. import?android.content.ComponentName;??
  4. import?android.content.Context;??
  5. import?android.content.Intent;??
  6. import?android.content.ServiceConnection;??
  7. import?android.os.Bundle;??
  8. import?android.os.IBinder;??
  9. import?android.view.View;??
  10. import?android.view.View.OnClickListener;??
  11. import?android.widget.Button;??
  12. import?android.widget.TextView;??
  13. public?class?ServiceDemo?extends?Activity?implements?OnClickListener{??
  14. ?????
  15. ????private?MyService??mMyService;??
  16. ????private?TextView?mTextView;??
  17. ????private?Button?startServiceButton;??
  18. ????private?Button?stopServiceButton;??
  19. ????private?Button?bindServiceButton;??
  20. ????private?Button?unbindServiceButton;??
  21. ????private?Context?mContext;??
  22. ??????
  23. ????//这里需要用到ServiceConnection在Context.bindService和context.unBindService()里用到??
  24. ????private?ServiceConnection?mServiceConnection?=?new?ServiceConnection()?{??
  25. ????????//当我bindService时,让TextView显示MyService里getSystemTime()方法的返回值???
  26. ????????public?void?onServiceConnected(ComponentName?name,?IBinder?service)?{??
  27. ????????????//?TODO?Auto-generated?method?stub??
  28. ????????????mMyService?=?((MyService.MyBinder)service).getService();??
  29. ????????????mTextView.setText("I?am?frome?Service?:"?+?mMyService.getSystemTime());??
  30. ????????}??
  31. ??????????
  32. ????????public?void?onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName?name)?{??
  33. ????????????//?TODO?Auto-generated?method?stub??
  34. ??????????????
  35. ????????}??
  36. ????};??
  37. ????public?void?onCreate(Bundle?savedInstanceState)?{??
  38. ????????super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);??
  39. ????????setContentView(R.layout.main);??
  40. ????????setupViews();??
  41. ????}??
  42. ??????
  43. ????public?void?setupViews(){??
  44. ??????
  45. ????????mContext?=?ServiceDemo.this;??
  46. ????????mTextView?=?(TextView)findViewById(R.id.text);??
  47. ??????????
  48. ??????????
  49. ??????????
  50. ????????startServiceButton?=?(Button)findViewById(R.id.startservice);??
  51. ????????stopServiceButton?=?(Button)findViewById(R.id.stopservice);??
  52. ????????bindServiceButton?=?(Button)findViewById(R.id.bindservice);??
  53. ????????unbindServiceButton?=?(Button)findViewById(R.id.unbindservice);??
  54. ??????????
  55. ????????startServiceButton.setOnClickListener(this);??
  56. ????????stopServiceButton.setOnClickListener(this);??
  57. ????????bindServiceButton.setOnClickListener(this);??
  58. ????????unbindServiceButton.setOnClickListener(this);??
  59. ????}??
  60. ?????
  61. ????public?void?onClick(View?v)?{??
  62. ????????//?TODO?Auto-generated?method?stub??
  63. ????????if(v?==?startServiceButton){??
  64. ????????????Intent?i??=?new?Intent();??
  65. ????????????i.setClass(ServiceDemo.this,?MyService.class);??
  66. ????????????mContext.startService(i);??
  67. ????????}else?if(v?==?stopServiceButton){??
  68. ????????????Intent?i??=?new?Intent();??
  69. ????????????i.setClass(ServiceDemo.this,?MyService.class);??
  70. ????????????mContext.stopService(i);??
  71. ????????}else?if(v?==?bindServiceButton){??
  72. ????????????Intent?i??=?new?Intent();??
  73. ????????????i.setClass(ServiceDemo.this,?MyService.class);??
  74. ????????????mContext.bindService(i,?mServiceConnection,?BIND_AUTO_CREATE);??
  75. ????????}else{??
  76. ????????????mContext.unbindService(mServiceConnection);??
  77. ????????}??
  78. ????}??
  79. ??????
  80. ??????
  81. ??????
  82. }??

第五步:修改AndroidManifest.xml代码(将我们新建的MyService注册进去如下代码第14行:)

[java] view plaincopyprint?
  1. <?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="utf-8"?>??
  2. <manifest?xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"??
  3. ??????package="com.tutor.servicedemo"??
  4. ??????android:versionCode="1"??
  5. ??????android:versionName="1.0">??
  6. ????<application?android:icon="@drawable/icon"?android:label="@string/app_name">??
  7. ????????<activity?android:name=".ServiceDemo"??
  8. ??????????????????android:label="@string/app_name">??
  9. ????????????<intent-filter>??
  10. ????????????????<action?android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"?/>??
  11. ????????????????<category?android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"?/>??
  12. ????????????</intent-filter>??
  13. ????????</activity>??
  14. ????????<service?android:name=".MyService"?android:exported="true"></service>??
  15. ????</application>??
  16. ????<uses-sdk?android:minSdkVersion="7"?/>??
  17. </manifest>???

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第六步:执行上述工程,效果图如下:

点击startServie按钮时先后执行了Service中onCreate()->onStart()这两个方法,打开Logcat视窗效果如下图:

我们这时可以按HOME键进入Settings(设置)->Applications(应用)->Running Services(正在运行的服务)看一下我们新启动了一个服务,效果如下:

点击stopService按钮时,Service则执行了onDestroy()方法,效果图如下所示:

这时候我们再次点击startService按钮,然后点击bindService按钮(通常bindService都是bind已经启动的 Service),我们看一下Service执行了IBinder()方法,以及TextView的值也有所变化了,如下两张图所示:

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最后点击unbindService按钮,则Service执行了onUnbind()方法,如下图所示:

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Ok,今天就先讲到这里了,谢谢大家关注~

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