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Android通报及receiver

热度:37   发布时间:2016-05-01 19:11:21.0
Android通知及receiver

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1. BroadcastReceiver

BroadcastReceiver用来接收如电量低、信号弱等即时广播通知,发送侧调用Context.sendBroadcast(Intent)或Context.sendOrderedBroadcast(Intent)可发送这类广播通知,而BroadcastReceiver则用onReceive (Context, Intent)方法来处理到接受到的广播通知。一个BroadcastReceiver的生命周期和onReceive()一致,其宿主进程和Activity、Service的一样,因此在onReceive不能有长时间的循环处理,不能显示Dialog的UI。


一个BroadcastReceiver可以在AndroidManifest.xml中静态声明和在程序动态注册,其可处理的通知由在声明或注册时定义的IntentFilter决定。

  • 动态注册的例子: 如果在Activity中动态注册,必须在onResume()中注册,在onPause()中取消注册。
    private IntentReceiver mDataReceiver = new IntentReceiver() {   @Override public void onReceiveIntent(Context context, Intent intent) {        Log.d("hogeRecv","onReceiveIntent: "+intent);   }}public void onResume() {   super.onResume();   String action = "cn.com.chen.TestReceiver";   IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(action);   this.registerReceiver(mDataReceiver,filter);}public void onPause() {   super.onPause();   unregisterReceiver(mDataReceiver);}
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  • 静态声明同Service和Activity的声明类似。
    <application&gt ... ><receiver name="receiver类名">   <intent-filter>      <action name="cn.com.chen.TestReceiver">   </intent-filter></receiver></application>
在onReceive()中,不能直接同Activity交互,仅可Toast显示一个简单的通知消息、或通过NotificationManager设置一个Notification。对于Service,可以通过Context.startService()启动,但不能用Context.bindService()来绑定。如果需要同一个已启动的Service异步通信,可以通过BroadcastReceiver.peekService (Context myContext, Intent service)(返回值为IBinder)。
? ? 例:
IBinder binder = peekService(ctx, new Intent(ctx, MediaPlaybackService.class));IMediaPlaybackService sService = IMediaPlaybackService.Stub.asInterface(binder);
??Context.sendBroadcast()是一个完全异步处理,该函数调用后,其所能匹配的BroadcastReceiver则同时执行。而Context.sendOrderedBroadcast()则调用一次则能执行一个匹配的BroadcastReceiver,执行顺序只有IntentFilter的android:priority属性决定。

2. NotificationManager
Notification可以有多种形式,比如在StatusBar上的一个icon(通过该Icon可以启动一个Activity等)、LED闪烁、Screen的背景灯闪烁、震动等。用户拖动StatusBar,可以使Notification扩展显示为一个List UI。如果选择一个Nofitication,则触发该Nofitication所关联的PendingIntent所定义的行为。PendingIntent可以包含启动一个Activity、BroadcastReceiver、Service等信息。
int icon = R.drawable.notification_icon;                // StatusBar上的图标CharSequence tickerText = "Hello";                      // 启动时,在StatusBar上显示的走马灯long when = System.currentTimeMillis();                 // Notification启动时间    Context CharSequence contentTitle = "My notification";  // (扩展显示时)Notification的标题CharSequence contentText = "Hello World!";              // (扩展显示时)Notification的消息Notification notification = new Notification(icon, tickerText, when);Intent notificationIntent = new Intent(this, MyActivity.class);  // 后续的PendingIntent用PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, notificationIntent, 0);Context context = getApplicationContext();notification.setLatestEventInfo(context, contentTitle, contentText, contentIntent); 
此外,还可以通过设置Notification的属性来设置提示音、震动等。
notification.defaults |= Notification.DEFAULT_SOUND;notification.sound = Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/notification/ringer.mp3");   notification.defaults |= Notification.DEFAULT_VIBRATE;long[] vibrate = {0,100,200,300};notification.vibrate = vibrate;notification.defaults |= Notification.DEFAULT_LIGHTS;notification.ledARGB = 0xff00ff00;notification.ledOnMS = 300;   notification.ledOffMS = 1000;notification.flags |= Notification.FLAG_SHOW_LIGHTS; NotificationManager用来管理Notification,用Context.getSystemService(String)可从系统中获获取。NotificationManager的方法notify(int id, Notification)可以显示一个Notification到StatusBar上,方法cancel(int id)可删除一个Notification。参数ID用来标识Notification,在一个程序中必须唯一。String ns = Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE;NotificationManager mNotificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(ns);Notification notification = ...           // Notification设置mNotificationManager.notify(1, notification);
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