我按照spring文档中的步骤建立了如上两个文件。然后使用事务时，如果我讲bean声明都写在applicationContext中那么可以回滚，但是如果我他们分开的话就不可以了。
applicationContext.xml文件：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
//配置数据源
<bean id="dataSource"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" />
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
</bean>
//配置事务管理器以及为管理器配置属性和定义对哪些东西进行aop
<bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="get*" read-only="true" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="java.lang.RuntimeException"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<aop:config proxy-target-class="true">
<aop:pointcut id="fooServiceOperation"
expression="execution(* mbp.service.*.*(..))" />
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="fooServiceOperation" />
</aop:config>
//ibatis配置，创建模版以及将模版植入UserDao类中
<bean id="sqlMapClient" class="org.springframework.orm.ibatis.SqlMapClientFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation" value="WEB-INF/sqlmap-config.xml" />
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
<bean id="sqlMapClientTemplate" class="org.springframework.orm.ibatis.SqlMapClientTemplate">
<property name="sqlMapClient" ref="sqlMapClient"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="userDao" class="mbp.dao.UserDao">
<property name="sqlMapClientTemplate" ref="sqlMapClientTemplate"></property>
</bean>
//service类，调用UserDao
<bean id="userservice" class="mbp.service.UserService">
<property name="userdao" ref="userDao" />
</bean>
//struts1.x的action继承了DispatchAction
<bean name="/user" class="mbp.com.UserAction">
<property name="userservice" ref="userservice"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="propertyConfigurer"
class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
<property name="locations">
<list>
<value>WEB-INF/jdbc.properties</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
以上代码都放在applicationContext.xml中没有问题。
然后我将他们拆分
applicationContext.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="dataSource"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" />
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
</bean>
<bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="get*" read-only="true" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="java.lang.RuntimeException"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<aop:config proxy-target-class="true">
<aop:pointcut id="fooServiceOperation"
expression="execution(* mbp.service.*.*(..))" />