说到sendMessage,开发中用的比较多,是Handler的方法,而Handler的机制,在整个Android系统中的应用非常广泛,当然,也是面试中经常问到的知识点,过一过源码,在此梳理下,
首先,一般使用Handler代码是这样的,如下:
Handler handler = new Handler(){public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, (String)msg.obj, 0).show();}};//发送消息handler.sendMessage(msg);
那么,整个机制的具体流程是怎样的呢?先看下Handler
Handler.java
public Handler() {this(null, false);}
public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {//...省略...mLooper = Looper.myLooper();if (mLooper == null) {throw new RuntimeException("Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");}mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;mCallback = callback;mAsynchronous = async;}
我们经常使用Handler的默认构造函数,创建Handler对象,默认构造函数内,会调用带参数的构造函数,显然 ,这里的callbcak,mCallback为null,asyn,mAsynchronous
为false,Looper的myLooper方法执行后,mLooper初始化完成,这里,可以从mLooper中获取对应的一个mQueue,也就是MessageQune
下面,就来了解下Looper的创建
1.Looper的创建:
Looper.java
private static Looper sMainLooper;public static void prepareMainLooper() {prepare(false);synchronized (Looper.class) {if (sMainLooper != null) {throw new IllegalStateException("The main Looper has already been prepared.");}sMainLooper = myLooper();}}public static void prepare() {prepare(true);}public static Looper myLooper() { return sThreadLocal.get(); }private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");}sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));}private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);mThread = Thread.currentThread();}
看完这段,大致了解到,上面Handler的构造方法中,调用Looper的myLooper()方法来获取Looper对象,myLooper()内部关系到sThreadLocal变量,通过get()方法得到Looper。同
时,我们发现在prepare(quitAllowed)的方法内部,sThreadLocal通过set设置了新的Looper实例来保存,这样,我们知道了sThreadLocal实际上是用来存储Looper对象的,并且是一
个线程只能对应一个Looper,如下:
// sThreadLocal.get() will return null unless you've called prepare().static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();
注释的含义大致是,只有我们调用了prepare()方法,sThreadLocal才会返回Looper对象,否则为null。那么,我们可以这样理解,prepare()的调用,能够创建Looper对象,同时创
建了mQueue(MessageQune对象),而其内部调用prepare(quitAllowed),prepareMainLooper也调用了prepare(quitAllowed),而且,prepare()与prepareMainLooper()全部是public
static 修饰的,这说明,它们是专门供外部来调用从而获取Looper对象的。事实果真是如此吗?先来看下,省略部分无关代码,如下:
ActivityThread.java
public static void main(String[] args) {//...Looper.prepareMainLooper();//...Looper.loop();//...}
的确,在ActivityThread中main方法执行了prepareMainLooper(),loop()也被执行,而main方法是系统调用,同时,也就是说,系统预先帮我们创建好了Looper对象,并且开
启轮询。至于prepare(),也有用到,我们可以在子线程中使用Looper.prepare(),Looper.loop(),创建自己的Looper。记住,一定要先prepare,要知道,巧妇难成无米之炊,
体会下吧。到此,Looper的创建过程以及基本了解。
接着来看loop()是内部是如何的
2.Looper的轮询:
public static void loop() {final Looper me = myLooper();if (me == null) {throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");}final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;//...for (;;) {Message msg = queue.next(); // might blockif (msg == null) {return;}//...msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);//...msg.recycleUnchecked();}}
我们注意到loop()的内部,先是获取到Looper对象,通过Looper得到对应的MessageQune,也就是mQueue。
接下来是无限的循环,不断的从mQueue消息队列中取消息,如果没有取到,消息为null,不再向下执行,继续循环取,一旦取到Message,就会通过Message的target,派发
消息,之后对已派发的Message进行回收
target实际上就是Handler,后面还会看到,在此说明下
关于消息的回收,是对消息的相关参数进行出厂设置,也就是,将参数设置为null或者0,但是,消息对象还在,没有销毁,可以重复利用,这点也可以从Message的obtain()方
法验证
好了,经过上面两个步骤,我们的Looper创建好了,也开始工作了,尽管是系统帮忙的,但是我们可以发消息了,继续看Message的发送过程
3.Handler发送消息到MessageQune:
public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg){return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);}public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis){if (delayMillis < 0) {delayMillis = 0;}return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);}public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {MessageQueue queue = mQueue;if (queue == null) {RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);return false;}return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);}
以上的过程是在Handler中完成的,消息发出后可以根据返回值,判断是否发送成功,继续看
private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {msg.target = this;//...return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);}
这里是上面提到的target,是this,就是当前Handler对象,也就是说,Handler发送消息时,绑定了自己,为什么绑定自己呢?这跟谁污染谁治理的原则是一样的,当然,没那
么严重,是谁发送消息,就是谁处理消息,始终唯一
接下俩,就是将Messager进行编队,入列的过程
4.MessageQueue对Message入列:
MessageQueue.java
boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {if (msg.target == null) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Message must have a target.");}if (msg.isInUse()) {throw new IllegalStateException(msg + " This message is already in use.");}synchronized (this) {if (mQuitting) {IllegalStateException e = new IllegalStateException(msg.target + " sending message to a Handler on a dead thread");Log.w(TAG, e.getMessage(), e);msg.recycle();return false;}msg.markInUse();msg.when = when;Message p = mMessages;boolean needWake;if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {// New head, wake up the event queue if blocked.msg.next = p;mMessages = msg;needWake = mBlocked;} else {// Inserted within the middle of the queue. Usually we don't have to wake// up the event queue unless there is a barrier at the head of the queue// and the message is the earliest asynchronous message in the queue.needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();Message prev;for (;;) {prev = p;p = p.next;if (p == null || when < p.when) {break;}if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {needWake = false;}}msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.nextprev.next = msg;}// We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting is false.if (needWake) {nativeWake(mPtr);}}return true;}
可以看到,内部有个无限循环,为什么要无限循环呢?因为MessageQune
是很被动的,它不知道什么时候会有消息要加入,才会不断循环,只要有Message
消息进来,就会将
Message进行编队,没有就跳出循环。接下来,终于等到派发Message消息,如下:Message的消息分发到Handler
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
这句代码是在loop()中执行的,为了说明,最终Message是派发给当初负责发送它的Handler对象的,有点物归原主的含义,可以体会下
下面,看Handler如何回调handMessage的
5.Handler回调方法处理消息:
Handler.java
/*** Handle system messages here.*/public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {if (msg.callback != null) {handleCallback(msg);} else {if (mCallback != null) {if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {return;}}handleMessage(msg);}}
在Handler对象创建时,mCallBack为null,callBack也为null,消息派发后,就调用handMessage方法,
文章开头,重写的handMessage方法
Handler handler = new Handler(){public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, (String)msg.obj, 0).show();}};
经过上面的几个过程,handMessage方法被调用,吐司最终展示在UI界面上
好啦,以上就是Handler、Looper、MessageQueue之间的关系描述,收拾下,吃饭了...