Oracle数据库（八）创建和管理表

SQL> create table test32  (tid number,3   tname varchar2(20),4   hiredate date default sysdate);表已创建。SQL> insert into test3(tid,tname) values(1,'Tom');已创建 1 行。SQL> select * from test3;TID TNAME                HIREDATE                                        
---------- -------------------- --------------                                  1 Tom                  11-3月 -15                                      已选择 1 行。SQL> --rowid 行地址 伪列
SQL> select rowid,empno,ename,sal2  from emp;ROWID                   EMPNO ENAME             SAL                             
------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------                             
AAAMfPAAEAAAAAgAAA       7369 SMITH             800                             
AAAMfPAAEAAAAAgAAB       7499 ALLEN            1600                             
AAAMfPAAEAAAAAgAAC       7521 WARD             1250                             
AAAMfPAAEAAAAAgAAD       7566 JONES            2975                             
AAAMfPAAEAAAAAgAAE       7654 MARTIN           1250                             
AAAMfPAAEAAAAAgAAF       7698 BLAKE            2850                             
AAAMfPAAEAAAAAgAAG       7782 CLARK            2450                             
AAAMfPAAEAAAAAgAAH       7788 SCOTT            3000                             
AAAMfPAAEAAAAAgAAI       7839 KING             5000                             
AAAMfPAAEAAAAAgAAJ       7844 TURNER           1500                             
AAAMfPAAEAAAAAgAAK       7876 ADAMS            1100                             ROWID                   EMPNO ENAME             SAL                             
------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------                             
AAAMfPAAEAAAAAgAAL       7900 JAMES             950                             
AAAMfPAAEAAAAAgAAM       7902 FORD             3000                             
AAAMfPAAEAAAAAgAAN       7934 MILLER           1300                             已选择 14 行。SQL> --创建表，保存20号部门的员工
SQL> create table emp202  a3  /
a
*
第 2 行出现错误: 
ORA-00922: 选项缺失或无效 SQL> ed
已写入 file afiedt.buf1  create table emp202  as3* select * from emp where deptno=20
SQL> /表已创建。SQL> select * from emp20;EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE              SAL       COMM 
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------------- ---------- ---------- DEPTNO                                                                      
----------                                                                      7369 SMITH      CLERK           7902 17-12月-80            800            20                                                                      7566 JONES      MANAGER         7839 02-4月 -81           2975            20                                                                      7788 SCOTT      ANALYST         7566 19-4月 -87           3000            20                                                                      EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE              SAL       COMM 
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------------- ---------- ---------- DEPTNO                                                                      
----------                                                                      7876 ADAMS      CLERK           7788 23-5月 -87           1100            20                                                                      7902 FORD       ANALYST         7566 03-12月-81           3000            20                                                                      已选择 5 行。SQL> --创建表：员工号  姓名 月薪 年薪 部门名称
SQL> create table empinfo2  as3  select e.empno,e.ename,e.sal,e.sal*12 annsal,d.dname4  from emp e,dept d5  where e.deptno=d.deptno;表已创建。SQL> select * from empinfo;EMPNO ENAME             SAL     ANNSAL DNAME                               
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------------                      7369 SMITH             800       9600 RESEARCH                            7499 ALLEN            1600      19200 SALES                               7521 WARD             1250      15000 SALES                               7566 JONES            2975      35700 RESEARCH                            7654 MARTIN           1250      15000 SALES                               7698 BLAKE            2850      34200 SALES                               7782 CLARK            2450      29400 ACCOUNTING                          7788 SCOTT            3000      36000 RESEARCH                            7839 KING             5000      60000 ACCOUNTING                          7844 TURNER           1500      18000 SALES                               7876 ADAMS            1100      13200 RESEARCH                            EMPNO ENAME             SAL     ANNSAL DNAME                               
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------------                      7900 JAMES             950      11400 SALES                               7902 FORD             3000      36000 RESEARCH                            7934 MILLER           1300      15600 ACCOUNTING                          已选择 14 行。SQL> host clsSQL> -- 修改表：追加新列  修改列  删除列 重命名列  重命名表
SQL> desc test3名称                                      是否为空? 类型----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------TID                                                NUMBERTNAME                                              VARCHAR2(20)HIREDATE                                           DATESQL> alter table test3 add photo blob;表已更改。SQL> desc test3名称                                      是否为空? 类型----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------TID                                                NUMBERTNAME                                              VARCHAR2(20)HIREDATE                                           DATEPHOTO                                              BLOBSQL> alter table test3 modify tname varchar2(40);表已更改。SQL> desc test3名称                                      是否为空? 类型----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------TID                                                NUMBERTNAME                                              VARCHAR2(40)HIREDATE                                           DATEPHOTO                                              BLOBSQL> alter table test3 drop column photo;表已更改。SQL> alter table test3 rename column tname to username;表已更改。SQL> rename test3 to test4;表已重命名。SQL> host clsSQL> --删除表
SQL> select * from tab;TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID                               
------------------------------ ------- ----------                               
DEPT                           TABLE                                            
EMP                            TABLE                                            
BONUS                          TABLE                                            
SALGRADE                       TABLE                                            
TEST2                          TABLE                                            
TEST1                          TABLE                                            
EMP10                          TABLE                                            
TESTSAVEPOINT                  TABLE                                            
TESTDELETE                     TABLE                                            
EMP20                          TABLE                                            
EMPINFO                        TABLE                                            TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID                               
------------------------------ ------- ----------                               
TEST4                          TABLE                                            已选择 12 行。SQL> drop table test4;表已删除。SQL> select * from tab;TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID                               
------------------------------ ------- ----------                               
DEPT                           TABLE                                            
EMP                            TABLE                                            
BONUS                          TABLE                                            
SALGRADE                       TABLE                                            
TEST2                          TABLE                                            
TEST1                          TABLE                                            
EMP10                          TABLE                                            
TESTSAVEPOINT                  TABLE                                            
TESTDELETE                     TABLE                                            
BIN$614V+lSURJGA1iC0nwlKKg==$0 TABLE                                            
EMP20                          TABLE                                            TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID                               
------------------------------ ------- ----------                               
EMPINFO                        TABLE                                            已选择 12 行。SQL> --Oracle的回收站
SQL> --才查看回收站
SQL> show recyclebin;
ORIGINAL NAME    RECYCLEBIN NAME                OBJECT TYPE  DROP TIME          
---------------- ------------------------------ ------------ -------------------
TEST4            BIN$614V+lSURJGA1iC0nwlKKg==$0 TABLE        2015-03-11:16:05:22
SQL> --清空回收站
SQL> purge  recyclebin;回收站已清空。SQL> select * from TESTSAVEPOINT;TID TNAME                                                                
---------- --------------------                                                 1 Tom                                                                  2 Mary                                                                 已选择 2 行。SQL> drop table TESTSAVEPOINT;表已删除。SQL> show recyclebin;
ORIGINAL NAME    RECYCLEBIN NAME                OBJECT TYPE  DROP TIME          
---------------- ------------------------------ ------------ -------------------
TESTSAVEPOINT    BIN$IC4h7QX9Sv2aRY11zR9/hg==$0 TABLE        2015-03-11:16:08:27
SQL> select * from TESTSAVEPOINT;
select * from TESTSAVEPOINT*
第 1 行出现错误: 
ORA-00942: 表或视图不存在 SQL> select * from BIN$IC4h7QX9Sv2aRY11zR9/hg==$0;
select * from BIN$IC4h7QX9Sv2aRY11zR9/hg==$0*
第 1 行出现错误: 
ORA-00933: SQL 命令未正确结束 SQL> select * from "BIN$IC4h7QX9Sv2aRY11zR9/hg==$0";TID TNAME                                                                
---------- --------------------                                                 1 Tom                                                                  2 Mary                                                                 已选择 2 行。SQL> --Oracle回收站：参考——》闪回（闪回删除）
SQL> create table test52  (tid number,3   tname varchar2(20),4   gender varchar2(2) check (gender in ('男','女')),5   sal number check (sal > 0)6  );表已创建。SQL> insert into test5 values(1,'Tom','男',1000);已创建 1 行。SQL> insert into test5 values(2,'Mike','啊',1000);
insert into test5 values(2,'Mike','啊',1000)
*
第 1 行出现错误: 
ORA-02290: 违反检查约束条件 (SCOTT.SYS_C005393) SQL> create table student2  (3     sid number constraint student_pk primary key,4     sname varchar2(20) constraint student_name_notnull not null,5     gender varchar2(2) constraint student_gender check (gender in ('男','女')),6     email varchar2(40) constraint student_email_unique unique7                        constraint student_email_notnull not null,8     deptno number constraint student_fk references dept(deptno) on delete set null9  );表已创建。SQL> insert into student values(1,'Tom','男','tom@126.com',10);已创建 1 行。SQL> insert into student values(2,'Mike','男','tom@126.com',10);
insert into student values(2,'Mike','男','tom@126.com',10)
*
第 1 行出现错误: 
ORA-00001: 违反唯一约束条件 (SCOTT.STUDENT_EMAIL_UNIQUE) SQL> spool off