如果没有传入“title”,那么所有处于“ACTIVE”状态的BLOG都会返回;反之若传入了“title”,那么就会把模糊查找“title”内容的BLOG结果返回(就这个例子而言,细心的读者会发现其中的参数值是可以包含一些掩码或通配符的)。
<select id="findActiveBlogWithTitleLike"resultType="Blog">SELECT * FROM BLOG WHERE state = ‘ACTIVE’ <if test="title != null">AND title like #{title}</if>
</select>
如果想可选地通过“title”和“author”两个条件搜索该怎么办呢?首先,改变语句的名称让它更具实际意义;然后只要加入另一个条件即可。
<select id="findActiveBlogLike"resultType="Blog">SELECT * FROM BLOG WHERE state = ‘ACTIVE’ <if test="title != null">AND title like #{title}</if><if test="author != null and author.name != null">AND author_name like #{author.name}</if>
</select>
提供了“title”就按“title”查找,提供了“author”就按“author”查找,若两者都没有提供,就返回所有符合条件的BLOG(实际情况可能是由管理员按一定策略选出BLOG列表,而不是返回大量无意义的随机结果)。
<select id="findActiveBlogLike"resultType="Blog">SELECT * FROM BLOG WHERE state = ‘ACTIVE’<choose><when test="title != null">AND title like #{title}</when><when test="author != null and author.name != null">AND author_name like #{author.name}</when><otherwise>AND featured = 1</otherwise></choose>
</select>
现在考虑回到“if”示例,这次我们将“ACTIVE = 1”也设置成动态的条件,看看会发生什么。
<select id="findActiveBlogLike"resultType="Blog">SELECT * FROM BLOG WHERE <if test="state != null">state = #{state}</if> <if test="title != null">AND title like #{title}</if><if test="author != null and author.name != null">AND author_name like #{author.name}</if>
</select>
如果这些条件没有一个能匹配上将会怎样?最终这条 SQL 会变成这样:
SELECT * FROM BLOG WHERE
这会导致查询失败。如果仅仅第二个条件匹配又会怎样?这条 SQL 最终会是这样:
SELECT * FROM BLOG WHERE AND title like ‘yiibai.com’
这个查询也会失败。
一处简单的修改就能得到想要的效果:
<select id="findActiveBlogLike"resultType="Blog">SELECT * FROM BLOG <where> <if test="state != null">state = #{state}</if> <if test="title != null">AND title like #{title}</if><if test="author != null and author.name != null">AND author_name like #{author.name}</if></where>
</select>
set 元素可以被用于动态包含需要更新的列,而舍去其他的。比如:
<update id="updateAuthorIfNecessary">update Author<set><if test="username != null">username=#{username},</if><if test="password != null">password=#{password},</if><if test="email != null">email=#{email},</if><if test="bio != null">bio=#{bio}</if></set>where id=#{id}
</update>