运算符是告诉编译器执行特定数学或逻辑功能的符号。
- 算术运算符
- 关系运算符
- 逻辑运算符
- 按位运算符
- 赋值运算符
- 杂项运算符
算术运算符
下表显示了C语言支持的所有算术运算符。假设变量A=10,变量B=20,则-
| 操作符 | 描述 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| + | 加两个操作数。 | A + B = 30 |
| - | 从第一个减去第二个操作数。 | A ? B = -10 |
| * | 将两个操作数相乘。 | A * B = 200 |
| / | 将分子除以除分子。 | B / A = 2 |
| % | 模运算符和整数除法后的余数。 | B%A = 0 |
| ++ | 增量运算符将整数值增加一。 | A ++ = 11 |
| -- | 减量运算符将整数值减一。 | A-- = 9 |
#include <stdio.h>main() {int a = 21;int b = 10;int c ;c = a + b;printf("Line 1 - Value of c is %d\n", c );c = a - b;printf("Line 2 - Value of c is %d\n", c );c = a * b;printf("Line 3 - Value of c is %d\n", c );c = a / b;printf("Line 4 - Value of c is %d\n", c );c = a % b;printf("Line 5 - Value of c is %d\n", c );c = a++; printf("Line 6 - Value of c is %d\n", c );c = ++a; printf("Line 7 - Value of c is %d\n", c ); c = --a; printf("Line 8 - Value of c is %d\n", c );c = a--; printf("Line 9 - Value of c is %d\n", c );
}
Line 1 - Value of c is 31
Line 2 - Value of c is 11
Line 3 - Value of c is 210
Line 4 - Value of c is 2
Line 5 - Value of c is 1
Line 6 - Value of c is 21
Line 7 - Value of c is 22
Line 8 - Value of c is 20
Line 9 - Value of c is 21
关系运算符
下表显示了C支持的所有关系运算符。假设变量A持有10,变量B持有20,则-
| 操作符 | 描述 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| == | 检查两个操作数的值是否相等。如果是,则条件变为真。 | (A == B)为假。 |
| != | 检查两个操作数的值是否相等。如果值不相等,则条件为真。 | (A!= B)为真。 |
| > | 检查左操作数的值是否大于右操作数的值。如果是,则条件变为真。 | (A> B)为假。 |
| < | 检查左操作数的值是否小于右操作数的值。如果是,则条件变为真。 | (A <B)为真。 |
| > = | 检查左操作数的值是否大于或等于右操作数的值。如果是,则条件变为真。 | (A> = B)为假。 |
| <= | 检查左操作数的值是否小于或等于右操作数的值。如果是,则条件变为真。 | (A <= B)为真。 |
#include <stdio.h>main() {int a = 21;int b = 10;int c ;
//输出:Line 1 - a is not equal to bif( a == b ) {printf("Line 1 - a is equal to b\n" );} else {printf("Line 1 - a is not equal to b\n" );}//输出:Line 2 - a is not less than b if ( a < b ) {printf("Line 2 - a is less than b\n" );} else {printf("Line 2 - a is not less than b\n" );}//输出:Line 3 - a is greater than bif ( a > b ) {printf("Line 3 - a is greater than b\n" );} else {printf("Line 3 - a is not greater than b\n" );}/* Lets change value of a and b */a = 5;b = 20;//输出:Line 4 - a is either less than or equal to b if ( a <= b ) {printf("Line 4 - a is either less than or equal to b\n" );}//输出:Line 5 - b is either greater than or equal to b if ( b >= a ) {printf("Line 5 - b is either greater than or equal to b\n" );}
}
逻辑运算符
下表显示了C语言支持的所有逻辑运算符。假设变量A持有1,变量B持有0,那么-
| 操作符 | 描述 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| && | 称为逻辑真运算符。如果两个操作数都不为零,则条件变为true。 | (A && B)为假 |
| || | 称为逻辑或运算符。如果两个操作数中的任何一个都不为零,则条件变为true。 | (A || B)为真。 |
| ! | 称为逻辑非运算符。它用于反转其操作数的逻辑状态。如果条件为真,则逻辑非运算符会将其设置为假。 | !(A && B)为真。 |
按位运算符
按位运算符对位进行运算并执行逐位操作。&,|和^的真值表如下-
| p | q | p & q | p | q | p ^ q |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
下表列出了C支持的按位运算符。假设变量'A'=60(0011 1100),变量'B'=13(0000 1101),然后-
| 操作符 | 描述 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| & | 两个操作数进行二进制对位&运算。 | (A&B)= 12,即0000 1100 |
| | | 两个操作数进行二进制对位|运算 | (A | B)= 61,即0011 1101 |
| ^ | 两个操作数进行二进制对位^运算。 | (A ^ B)= 49,即0011 0001 |
| ? | 二进制补码运算符是一元的,具有“翻转”位的作用。 | (?A)=?(60),即 1100 0011 |
| << | 二进制左移运算符。左操作数的值向左移动右操作数指定的位数。 | A << 2 = 240,即1111 0000 |
| >> | 二进制右移运算符。左操作数的值向右移动右操作数指定的位数。 | A >> 2 = 15,即0000 1111 |
#include <stdio.h>main() {unsigned int a = 60; /* 60 = 0011 1100 */ unsigned int b = 13; /* 13 = 0000 1101 */int c = 0; //输出:Line 1 - Value of c is 12c = a & b; /* 12 = 0000 1100 */ printf("Line 1 - Value of c is %d\n", c );//输出:Line 2 - Value of c is 61c = a | b; /* 61 = 0011 1101 */printf("Line 2 - Value of c is %d\n", c );//输出:Line 3 - Value of c is 49c = a ^ b; /* 49 = 0011 0001 */printf("Line 3 - Value of c is %d\n", c );//输出:Line 4 - Value of c is -61c = ~a; /*-61 = 1100 0011 */printf("Line 4 - Value of c is %d\n", c );//输出:Line 5 - Value of c is 240c = a << 2; /* 240 = 1111 0000 */printf("Line 5 - Value of c is %d\n", c );//输出:Line 6 - Value of c is 15c = a >> 2; /* 15 = 0000 1111 */printf("Line 6 - Value of c is %d\n", c );
}
赋值运算符
| 操作符 | 描述 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| = | 简单的赋值运算符。将值从右侧操作数分配给左侧操作数 | C = A + B将A + B的值赋给C |
| + = | 加法赋值运算符。它将右操作数添加到左操作数,并将结果分配给左操作数。 | C + = A等于C = C + A |
| -= | 减法赋值运算符。它从左侧操作数中减去右侧操作数,并将结果分配给左侧操作数。 | C-= A等效于C = C-A |
| * = | 乘积赋值运算符。它将右操作数与左操作数相乘,并将结果分配给左操作数。 | C * = A等效于C = C * A |
| / = | 除法赋值运算符。它将左操作数除以右操作数,并将结果分配给左操作数。 | C / = A等于C = C / A |
| %= | 模和赋值运算符。它使用两个操作数取模,然后将结果分配给左操作数。 | C%= A等于C = C%A |
| << = | 左移赋值运算符。 | C << = 2与C = C << 2相同 |
| >> = | 右移赋值运算符。 | C >> = 2与C = C >> 2相同 |
| &= | 按位与赋值运算符。 | C&= 2与C = C&2相同 |
| ^ = | 按位异或赋值运算符。 | C ^ = 2与C = C ^ 2相同 |
| | = | 按位或(OR)赋值运算符。 | C | = 2与C = C |相同 2 |
杂项运算符?sizeof和三目运算符
| 操作符 | 描述 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| sizeof() | 返回变量的大小。 | sizeof(a),其中a为整数,将返回4。 |
| & | 返回变量的地址。 | &a; 返回变量的实际地址。 |
| * | 指向变量的指针。 | *a; |
| ?: | 条件表达式。 | 如果条件为真?然后取值X:否则取值Y |
#include <stdio.h>main() {int a = 4;short b;double c;int* ptr;/* example of sizeof operator */printf("Line 1 - Size of variable a = %d\n", sizeof(a) );printf("Line 2 - Size of variable b = %d\n", sizeof(b) );printf("Line 3 - Size of variable c= %d\n", sizeof(c) );/* example of & and * operators */ptr = &a; /* 'ptr' now contains the address of 'a'*/printf("value of a is %d\n", a);printf("*ptr is %d.\n", *ptr);/* example of ternary operator */a = 10;b = (a == 1) ? 20: 30;printf( "Value of b is %d\n", b );b = (a == 10) ? 20: 30;printf( "Value of b is %d\n", b );
}
//输出:
Line 1 - Size of variable a = 4
Line 2 - Size of variable b = 2
Line 3 - Size of variable c= 8
value of a is 4
*ptr is 4.
Value of b is 30
Value of b is 20