SQL递归查询范例

http://justcramer.com/2010/05/30/scaling-threaded-comments-on-django-at-disqus/

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	        create table comments (    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,    message VARCHAR,    author VARCHAR,    parent_id INTEGER REFERENCES comments(id));insert into comments (message, author, parent_id)    values ('This thread is really cool!', 'David', NULL), ('Ya David, we love it!', 'Jason', 1), ('I agree David!', 'Daniel', 1), ('gift Jason', 'Anton', 2),    ('Very interesting post!', 'thedz', NULL), ('You sir, are wrong', 'Chris', 5), ('Agreed', 'G', 5), ('Fo sho, Yall', 'Mac', 5);				        

			WITH RECURSIVE cte (id, message, author, path, parent_id, depth)  AS (    SELECT  id,        message,        author,        array[id] AS path,        parent_id,        1 AS depth    FROM    comments    WHERE   parent_id IS NULL    UNION ALL    SELECT  comments.id,        comments.message,        comments.author,        cte.path || comments.id,        comments.parent_id,        cte.depth + 1 AS depth    FROM    comments    JOIN cte ON comments.parent_id = cte.id    )    SELECT id, message, author, path, depth FROM cte ORDER BY path;	    				

输出结果

 id |           message           | author |  path   | depth----+-----------------------------+--------+---------+-------  1 | This thread is really cool! | David  | {1}     |     1  2 | Ya David, we love it!       | Jason  | {1,2}   |     2  4 | gift Jason                  | Anton  | {1,2,4} |     3  3 | I agree David!              | Daniel | {1,3}   |     2  5 | Very interesting post!      | thedz  | {5}     |     1  6 | You sir, are wrong          | Chris  | {5,6}   |     2  7 | Agreed                      | G      | {5,7}   |     2  8 | Fo sho, Yall                | Mac    | {5,8}   |     2(8 rows)

定义结构

	    	CREATE TABLE city(  id serial NOT NULL,  name character varying,  parent_id integer,  status boolean,  CONSTRAINT city_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id),  CONSTRAINT city_parent_id_fkey FOREIGN KEY (parent_id)      REFERENCES city (id) MATCH SIMPLE      ON UPDATE NO ACTION ON DELETE NO ACTION)WITH (  OIDS=FALSE);ALTER TABLE city  OWNER TO sys;	    		    	

插入数据

	    	INSERT INTO city (id, name, parent_id, status) VALUES (1, '广东', NULL, NULL);INSERT INTO city (id, name, parent_id, status) VALUES (2, '湖南', NULL, NULL);INSERT INTO city (id, name, parent_id, status) VALUES (3, '深圳', 1, NULL);INSERT INTO city (id, name, parent_id, status) VALUES (4, '东莞', 1, NULL);INSERT INTO city (id, name, parent_id, status) VALUES (5, '福田', 3, NULL);INSERT INTO city (id, name, parent_id, status) VALUES (6, '南山', 3, NULL);INSERT INTO city (id, name, parent_id, status) VALUES (7, '宝安', 3, NULL);INSERT INTO city (id, name, parent_id, status) VALUES (8, '西乡', 7, NULL);INSERT INTO city (id, name, parent_id, status) VALUES (9, '福永', 7, NULL);INSERT INTO city (id, name, parent_id, status) VALUES (10, '龙华', 7, NULL);INSERT INTO city (id, name, parent_id, status) VALUES (11, '长沙', 2, NULL);INSERT INTO city (id, name, parent_id, status) VALUES (12, '湘潭', 2, NULL);INSERT INTO city (id, name, parent_id, status) VALUES (13, '常德', 2, NULL);INSERT INTO city (id, name, parent_id, status) VALUES (14, '桃源', 13, NULL);INSERT INTO city (id, name, parent_id, status) VALUES (15, '汉寿', 13, NULL);INSERT INTO city (id, name, parent_id, status) VALUES (16, '黑龙江', NULL, NULL);INSERT INTO city (id, name, parent_id, status) VALUES (17, '伊春', 16, NULL);INSERT INTO city (id, name, parent_id, status) VALUES (18, '哈尔滨', 16, NULL);INSERT INTO city (id, name, parent_id, status) VALUES (19, '齐齐哈尔', 16, NULL);INSERT INTO city (id, name, parent_id, status) VALUES (20, '牡丹江', 16, NULL);INSERT INTO city (id, name, parent_id, status) VALUES (21, '佳木斯', 16, NULL);INSERT INTO city (id, name, parent_id, status) VALUES (22, '民治', 10, NULL);INSERT INTO city (id, name, parent_id, status) VALUES (23, '上塘', 10, NULL);	    		    	

查询

	    	WITH RECURSIVE path(id, name, path, idpath, parent_id, status) AS (  SELECT id, name, '/' || name , '/' || id , parent_id, status FROM city WHERE parent_id is null  UNION  SELECT    city.id,    city.name,    parentpath.path ||      CASE parentpath.path	WHEN '/' THEN ''	ELSE '/'      END || city.name,    parentpath.idpath ||     CASE parentpath.idpath	WHEN '/' THEN ''	ELSE '/'      END || city.id,    city.parent_id, city.status  FROM city, path as parentpath  WHERE city.parent_id = parentpath.id)SELECT * FROM path;	    		    	

结果输出

	    	 id |   name   |           path            |    idpath    | parent_id | status----+----------+---------------------------+--------------+-----------+--------  1 | 广东     | /广东                     | /1           |           |  2 | 湖南     | /湖南                     | /2           |           | 16 | 黑龙江   | /黑龙江                   | /16          |           |  3 | 深圳     | /广东/深圳                | /1/3         |         1 |  4 | 东莞     | /广东/东莞                | /1/4         |         1 | 11 | 长沙     | /湖南/长沙                | /2/11        |         2 | 12 | 湘潭     | /湖南/湘潭                | /2/12        |         2 | 13 | 常德     | /湖南/常德                | /2/13        |         2 | 17 | 伊春     | /黑龙江/伊春              | /16/17       |        16 | 18 | 哈尔滨   | /黑龙江/哈尔滨            | /16/18       |        16 | 19 | 齐齐哈尔 | /黑龙江/齐齐哈尔          | /16/19       |        16 | 20 | 牡丹江   | /黑龙江/牡丹江            | /16/20       |        16 | 21 | 佳木斯   | /黑龙江/佳木斯            | /16/21       |        16 |  5 | 福田     | /广东/深圳/福田           | /1/3/5       |         3 |  6 | 南山     | /广东/深圳/南山           | /1/3/6       |         3 |  7 | 宝安     | /广东/深圳/宝安           | /1/3/7       |         3 | 14 | 桃源     | /湖南/常德/桃源           | /2/13/14     |        13 | 15 | 汉寿     | /湖南/常德/汉寿           | /2/13/15     |        13 |  8 | 西乡     | /广东/深圳/宝安/西乡      | /1/3/7/8     |         7 |  9 | 福永     | /广东/深圳/宝安/福永      | /1/3/7/9     |         7 | 10 | 龙华     | /广东/深圳/宝安/龙华      | /1/3/7/10    |         7 | 22 | 民治     | /广东/深圳/宝安/龙华/民治 | /1/3/7/10/22 |        10 | 23 | 上塘     | /广东/深圳/宝安/龙华/上塘 | /1/3/7/10/23 |        10 |(23 rows)