基于apache的tomcat负载均衡和集群配置
1】 下载安装
?????? httpd-2.2.15-win32-x86-no_ssl.msi ?? 网页服务器
?????? 32-bit Windows zip??????????????????????????? tomcat
?????? mod_jk-1.2.30-httpd-2.2.3.so ??????????? Apache/IIS 用来连接后台Tomcat的模块，支持集群和负载均衡
?????? JK 分为两个版本 1,x 和 2.x ，其中 2.x 并不是最新的版本，它是 JK 的另外一个分支，后不知何因没有继续开发，因此2.x 版本已经废弃
?????? 安装httpd-2.2.15-win32-x86-no_ssl.msi 到指定目录，我安装的是C:\Program Files\Apache2.2，以后这个目录将用Apache_Home代替
?????? 安装tomcat，我是将两个tomcat进行集群，所以安装两个tomcat，路径分别为：F:\tomcat\tomcat1，F:\tomcat\tomcat2，以后这两个目录将用tomcat1_Home,tomcat2_Home代替
2】 配置Apache_Home\conf\httpd.conf
????? 在httpd.conf文件的最后一行写入include "C:\Program Files\Apache2.2\conf\mod_jk.conf"
3】 配置mod_jk.conf文件
????? 在Apache_Home\conf下建立mod_jk.conf文件
????? 配置内容：
????? #加载mod_jk Module
???????? LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk-1.2.30-httpd-2.2.3.so
???????? 将下载的 mod_jk-1.2.30-httpd-2.2.3.so 文件放入到Apache_Home\modules下
????? # 配置 mod_jk
????? #加载集群中的workers
???????? JkWorkersFile conf/workers.properties
????? #加载workers的请求处理分配文件
???????? JkMountFile conf/uriworkermap.properties
??? ? #指定jk的日志输出文件
???????? JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log
????? #指定日志级别
???????? JkLogLevel warn
???? #指定哪些请求交给tomcat处理,"controller"为在 workers.propertise里指定的负载分配控制器名
???????? JkMount /* controller
4】? 配置workers.propertise文件
?????? 在Apache_Home\conf下建立workers.propertise文件
?????? 配置内容：
?????? #server 列表
???????? worker.list=controller,tomcat1,tomcat2
????? #========tomcat1========
????? #ajp13 端口号，在tomcat下server.xml配置,默认8009
??????? worker.tomcat1.port=8009
????? #tomcat的主机地址，如不为本机，请填写ip地址
??????? worker.tomcat1.host=localhost
??????? worker.tomcat1.type=ajp13
???? #server的加权比重，值越高，分得的请求越多
??????? worker.tomcat1.lbfactor=1
???? #========tomcat2========
???? #ajp13 端口号，在tomcat下server.xml配置,默认8009
?????? worker.tomcat2.port=9009
???? #tomcat的主机地址，如不为本机，请填写ip地址
????? worker.tomcat2.host=localhost
????? worker.tomcat2.type=ajp13
??? #server的加权比重，值越高，分得的请求越多
?????? worker.tomcat2.lbfactor=1
??? #========controller,负载均衡控制器========
??? #server名为controller,用于负载均衡
????? worker.controller.type=lb
?? #重试次数
????? worker.retries=3
?? #指定分担请求的tomcat
???? worker.controller.balanced_workers=tomcat1,tomcat2
?? #粘性Session(默认是打开的) 当该属性值=True（或1）时，代表Session是粘性的，即同一Session在集群中的同一个节点上处理，Session不跨越节点。在集群环境中，一般将该值设置为False
???? worker.controller.sticky_session=false
? #设置用于负载均衡的server的session可否共享 有不少文章说设置为1是可以的，也有设置为0才可以的
???? worker.controller.sticky_session=1
? #worker.controller.sticky_session_force=1
? #worker.status.type=status
5】 配置uriworkermap.properties文件
????? 在Apache_Home\conf下建立uriworkermap.properties文件
????? 配置内容：
???? #所有请求都由controller这个server处理
???? /*=controller
???? #所有包含jkstatus请求的都由status这个 server处理
???? #/jkstatus=status
???? #这里的"!”是“非”的意思。
???? !/*.gif=controller
???? !/*.jpg=controller
???? !/*.png=controller
???? !/*.css=controller
???? !/*.js=controller
???? !/*.htm=controller
???? !/*.html=controller
6】修改tomcat1_Home\conf\server.xml配置
????? Starting Coyote HTTP/1.1 on http-8081 默认端口为8080，修改为8081
???? <Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
?????????????? connectionTimeout="20000"
?????????????? redirectPort="8443" />
????? JK: ajp13 listening on /0.0.0.0:8009 修改端口必须与workers.propertise文件内worker.tomcat1.port=8009一致
???? <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
???? 需要添加的内容：
??? <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat2"> ? <!--tomcat1将与tomcat2黏贴session 在这里指定黏贴对象-->
????? <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:
????????? /docs/cluster-howto.html? (simple how to)
????????? /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->
????? <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
???????????????? channelSendOptions="8">
????????? <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
?????????????????? expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
?????????????????? notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>
????????? <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
??????????? <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
??????????????????????? address="228.0.0.4"
??????????????????????? port="45564"
??????????????????????? frequency="500"
??????????????????????? dropTime="3000"/>
??????????? <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
????????????????????? address="auto"
????????????????????? port="4000" ?
????????????????????? autoBind="100"
????????????????????? selectorTimeout="5000"
????????????????????? maxThreads="6"/>
??????????? <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
????????????? <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
??????????? </Sender>
??????????? <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
??????????? <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
????????? </Channel>
????????? <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
???????????????? filter=""/>
????????? <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>
????????? <!-- <Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
??????????????????? tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
??????????????????? deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
??????????????????? watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
??????????????????? watchEnabled="false"/> -->
????????? <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/>
????????? <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
??????? </Cluster>???
????? 上面部分如果需要详细的说明可以看webapps\docs\cluster-howto.html
7】修改tomcat2_Home\conf\server.xml配置
????? Starting Coyote HTTP/1.1 on http-8082 默认端口为8080，修改为8082
???? <Connector port="8082" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
?????????????? connectionTimeout="20000"
?????????????? redirectPort="8443" />
????? JK: ajp13 listening on /0.0.0.0:9009 修改端口必须与workers.propertise文件内worker.tomcat2.port=9009一致
???? <Connector port="9009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
???? 需要添加的内容：
??? <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat1"> ? <!--tomcat2将与tomcat1黏贴session 在这里指定黏贴对象-->
????? <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:
????????? /docs/cluster-howto.html? (simple how to)
????????? /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->
????? <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
???????????????? channelSendOptions="8">
????????? <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
?????????????????? expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
?????????????????? notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>
????????? <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
??????????? <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
??????????????????????? address="228.0.0.4"
??????????????????????? port="45564"
??????????????????????? frequency="500"
??????????????????????? dropTime="3000"/>
??????????? <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
????????????????????? address="auto"
????????????????????? port="4001" ?
????????????????????? autoBind="100"
????????????????????? selectorTimeout="5000"
????????????????????? maxThreads="6"/>
??????????? <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
????????????? <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
??????????? </Sender>
??????????? <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
??????????? <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
????????? </Channel>
????????? <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
???????????????? filter=""/>
????????? <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>
????????? <!-- <Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
??????????????????? tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
??????????????????? deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
??????????????????? watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
??????????????????? watchEnabled="false"/> -->
????????? <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/>
????????? <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
??????? </Cluster>???
????? 上面部分如果需要详细的说明可以看webapps\docs\cluster-howto.html
8】session黏贴（共享）方面，如果session中存放的为javabean，javabean必须实现Serializable接口，如果没有实现会报错误 Exception thrown: class java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
9】补充：
?
??????看到jameswxx的回复发现确实有欠妥的地方，现在进行改正
????? 在工程的web.xml文件内加入?<distributable/>??? 标签
????? 标题名不够准确，将原名称“tomcat集群配置流程”更正为“基于apache的tomcat负载均衡和集群配置”