在 Android 上透过模拟 HTTP multipart/form-data 请求协议信息实现图片上传

http://blog.csdn.net/jdsjlzx/article/details/8635884

通过构造基于 HTTP 协议的传输内容实现图片自动上传到服务器功能 。如果自己编码构造 HTTP 协议，那么编写的代码质量肯定不高，建议模仿?HttpClient?.zip?examples\mime\ClientMultipartFormPost.java 来实现，并通过源码来进一步理解如何优雅高效地构造 HTTP 协议传输内容。

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自己构造 HTTP 协议传输内容的想法，从何而来呢？灵感启迪于这篇博文“Android下的应用编程——用HTTP协议实现文件上传功能?”，以前从未想过通过抓取 HTTP 请求数据格式，根据协议自己构造数据来实现数据提交。哎，Out 了。因为 Apache HttpClient 框架就是通过此方式来实现的，以前从未注意到，看来以后要多多向前人学习啊！结 果是：阅读了此框架的源码后，才知道自己编写的代码和人家相比真不是一个档次的。现在已经下定决心了，多读开源框架代码，不但可以熟悉相关业务流程，而且 还可以学到设计模式在实际业务需求中的应用，更重要的是领悟其中的思想。业务流程、实践能力、框架思想，一举三得，何乐而不为呢。^_^

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test.html 部分源码：

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<form action="Your_Action_Url?" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data?" name="form1" id="form1">
? <p>
??? <label for="upload_file"></label>
??? <input type="file" name="upload_file" id="upload_file?" />
? </p>
? <p>
??? <input type="submit" name="action" id="action?" value="upload?" />
? </p>
</form>

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通过 HttpWatch 查看抓取到的包数据格式：

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下面将分别通过按照 HttpWatch 抓取下来的协议格式内容构造传输内容实现文件上传功能和基于 HttpClient 框架实现文件上传功能。

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项目配置目录Your_Project/config?，相关文件?如下：

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actionUrl.properties 文件内容：

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Your_Action_Url

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formDataParams.properties 文件内容（对应 HTML Form 属性内容）：

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action?=upload

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imageParams.properties 文件内容（这里文件路径已配置死了，不好！建议在程序中动态设置，即通过传入相关参数实现。）：

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upload_file?=images/roewe.jpg

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MIMETypes.properties 文件内容（参考自?Multimedia MIME?Reference?）：

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jpeg:image/jpeg
jpg:image/jpeg
png:image/png
gif:image/gif

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1. 在《Android下的应用编程——用HTTP协议实现文件上传功能?》代码的基础上，通过进一步改进得到如下代码（Java、Android 都可以 run）：

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1. /**?
2. ?*?文件名称：UploadImage.java?
3. ?*?
4. ?*?版权信息：Apache?License,?Version?2.0?
5. ?*?
6. ?*?功能描述：实现图片文件上传。?
7. ?*?
8. ?*?创建日期：2011-5-10?
9. ?*?
10. ?*?作者：Bert?Lee?
11. ?*/??
12. ??
13. /*?
14. ?*?修改历史：?
15. ?*/??
16. public?class?UploadImage?{??
17. ????String?multipart_form_data?=?"multipart/form-data";??
18. ????String?twoHyphens?=?"--";??
19. ????String?boundary?=?"****************fD4fH3gL0hK7aI6";????//?数据分隔符??
20. ????String?lineEnd?=?System.getProperty("line.separator");????//?The?value?is?"\r\n"?in?Windows.??
21. ??????
22. ????/*?
23. ?????*?上传图片内容，格式请参考HTTP?协议格式。?
24. ?????*?人人网Photos.upload中的”程序调用“http://wiki.dev.renren.com/wiki/Photos.upload#.E7.A8.8B.E5.BA.8F.E8.B0.83.E7.94.A8?
25. ?????*?对其格式解释的非常清晰。?
26. ?????*?格式如下所示：?
27. ?????*?--****************fD4fH3hK7aI6?
28. ?????*?Content-Disposition:?form-data;?name="upload_file";?filename="apple.jpg"?
29. ?????*?Content-Type:?image/jpeg?
30. ?????*?
31. ?????*?这儿是文件的内容，二进制流的形式?
32. ?????*/??
33. ????private?void?addImageContent(Image[]?files,?DataOutputStream?output)?{??
34. ????????for(Image?file?:?files)?{??
35. ????????????StringBuilder?split?=?new?StringBuilder();??
36. ????????????split.append(twoHyphens?+?boundary?+?lineEnd);??
37. ????????????split.append("Content-Disposition:?form-data;?name=\""?+?file.getFormName()?+?"\";?filename=\""?+?file.getFileName()?+?"\""?+?lineEnd);??
38. ????????????split.append("Content-Type:?"?+?file.getContentType()?+?lineEnd);??
39. ????????????split.append(lineEnd);??
40. ????????????try?{??
41. ????????????????//?发送图片数据??
42. ????????????????output.writeBytes(split.toString());??
43. ????????????????output.write(file.getData(),?0,?file.getData().length);??
44. ????????????????output.writeBytes(lineEnd);??
45. ????????????}?catch?(IOException?e)?{??
46. ????????????????throw?new?RuntimeException(e);??
47. ????????????}??
48. ????????}??
49. ????}??
50. ??????
51. ????/*?
52. ?????*?构建表单字段内容，格式请参考HTTP?协议格式（用FireBug可以抓取到相关数据）。(以便上传表单相对应的参数值)?
53. ?????*?格式如下所示：?
54. ?????*?--****************fD4fH3hK7aI6?
55. ?????*?Content-Disposition:?form-data;?name="action"?
56. ?????*?//?一空行，必须有?
57. ?????*?upload?
58. ?????*/??
59. ????private?void?addFormField(Set<Map.Entry<Object,Object>>?params,?DataOutputStream?output)?{??
60. ????????StringBuilder?sb?=?new?StringBuilder();??
61. ????????for(Map.Entry<Object,?Object>?param?:?params)?{??
62. ????????????sb.append(twoHyphens?+?boundary?+?lineEnd);??
63. ????????????sb.append("Content-Disposition:?form-data;?name=\""?+?param.getKey()?+?"\""?+?lineEnd);??
64. ????????????sb.append(lineEnd);??
65. ????????????sb.append(param.getValue()?+?lineEnd);??
66. ????????}??
67. ????????try?{??
68. ????????????output.writeBytes(sb.toString());//?发送表单字段数据??
69. ????????}?catch?(IOException?e)?{??
70. ????????????throw?new?RuntimeException(e);??
71. ????????}??
72. ????}??
73. ??????
74. ????/**?
75. ?????*?直接通过?HTTP?协议提交数据到服务器，实现表单提交功能。?
76. [email protected]?
77. [email protected]，value为参数值?
78. [email protected]?
79. [email protected]?
80. ?????*/??
81. ????public?String?post(String?actionUrl,?Set<Map.Entry<Object,Object>>?params,?Image[]?files)?{??
82. ????????HttpURLConnection?conn?=?null;??
83. ????????DataOutputStream?output?=?null;??
84. ????????BufferedReader?input?=?null;??
85. ????????try?{??
86. ????????????URL?url?=?new?URL(actionUrl);??
87. ????????????conn?=?(HttpURLConnection)?url.openConnection();??
88. ????????????conn.setConnectTimeout(120000);??
89. ????????????conn.setDoInput(true);????????//?允许输入??
90. ????????????conn.setDoOutput(true);????????//?允许输出??
91. ????????????conn.setUseCaches(false);????//?不使用Cache??
92. ????????????conn.setRequestMethod("POST");??
93. ????????????conn.setRequestProperty("Connection",?"keep-alive");??
94. ????????????conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",?multipart_form_data?+?";?boundary="?+?boundary);??
95. ??????????????
96. ????????????conn.connect();??
97. ????????????output?=?new?DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream());??
98. ??????????????
99. ????????????addImageContent(files,?output);????//?添加图片内容??
100. ??????????????
101. ????????????addFormField(params,?output);????//?添加表单字段内容??
102. ??????????????
103. ????????????output.writeBytes(twoHyphens?+?boundary?+?twoHyphens?+?lineEnd);//?数据结束标志??
104. ????????????output.flush();??
105. ??????????????
106. ????????????int?code?=?conn.getResponseCode();??
107. ????????????if(code?!=?200)?{??
108. ????????????????throw?new?RuntimeException("请求‘"?+?actionUrl?+"’失败！");??
109. ????????????}??
110. ??????????????
111. ????????????input?=?new?BufferedReader(new?InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));??
112. ????????????StringBuilder?response?=?new?StringBuilder();??
113. ????????????String?oneLine;??
114. ????????????while((oneLine?=?input.readLine())?!=?null)?{??
115. ????????????????response.append(oneLine?+?lineEnd);??
116. ????????????}??
117. ??????????????
118. ????????????return?response.toString();??
119. ????????}?catch?(IOException?e)?{??
120. ????????????throw?new?RuntimeException(e);??
121. ????????}?finally?{??
122. ????????????//?统一释放资源??
123. ????????????try?{??
124. ????????????????if(output?!=?null)?{??
125. ????????????????????output.close();??
126. ????????????????}??
127. ????????????????if(input?!=?null)?{??
128. ????????????????????input.close();??
129. ????????????????}??
130. ????????????}?catch?(IOException?e)?{??
131. ????????????????throw?new?RuntimeException(e);??
132. ????????????}??
133. ??????????????
134. ????????????if(conn?!=?null)?{??
135. ????????????????conn.disconnect();??
136. ????????????}??
137. ????????}??
138. ????}??
139. ??????
140. ????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?{??
141. ????????try?{??
142. ????????????String?response?=?"";??
143. ??????????????
144. ????????????BufferedReader?in?=?new?BufferedReader(new?FileReader("config/actionUrl.properties"));??
145. ????????????String?actionUrl?=?in.readLine();??
146. ??????????????
147. ????????????//?读取表单对应的字段名称及其值??
148. ????????????Properties?formDataParams?=?new?Properties();??
149. ????????????formDataParams.load(new?FileInputStream(new?File("config/formDataParams.properties")));??
150. ????????????Set<Map.Entry<Object,Object>>?params?=?formDataParams.entrySet();??
151. ??????????????
152. ????????????//?读取图片所对应的表单字段名称及图片路径??
153. ????????????Properties?imageParams?=?new?Properties();??
154. ????????????imageParams.load(new?FileInputStream(new?File("config/imageParams.properties")));??
155. ????????????Set<Map.Entry<Object,Object>>?images?=?imageParams.entrySet();??
156. ????????????Image[]?files?=?new?Image[images.size()];??
157. ????????????int?i?=?0;??
158. ????????????for(Map.Entry<Object,Object>?image?:?images)?{??
159. ????????????????Image?file?=?new?Image(image.getValue().toString(),?image.getKey().toString());??
160. ????????????????files[i++]?=?file;??
161. ????????????}??
162. //????????????Image?file?=?new?Image("images/apple.jpg",?"upload_file");??
163. //????????????Image[]?files?=?new?Image[0];??
164. //????????????files[0]?=?file;??
165. ??????????????
166. ????????????response?=?new?UploadImage().post(actionUrl,?params,?files);??
167. ????????????System.out.println("返回结果："?+?response);??
168. ????????}?catch?(IOException?e)?{??
169. ????????????e.printStackTrace();??
170. ????????}??
171. ????}??
172. }?
     

2. 基于 HttpClient 框架实现文件上传，实例代码如下：

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1. /**?
2. ?*?文件名称：ClientMultipartFormPost.java?
3. ?*?
4. ?*?版权信息：Apache?License,?Version?2.0?
5. ?*?
6. ?*?功能描述：通过?HttpClient?4.1.1?实现文件上传。?
7. ?*?
8. ?*?创建日期：2011-5-15?
9. ?*?
10. ?*?作者：Bert?Lee?
11. ?*/??
12. ??
13. /*?
14. ?*?修改历史：?
15. ?*/??
16. public?class?ClientMultipartFormPost?{??
17. ????/**?
18. ?????*?直接通过?HttpMime's?MultipartEntity?提交数据到服务器，实现表单提交功能。?
19. [email protected]?
20. ?????*/??
21. ????public?static?String?filePost()?{??
22. ????????HttpClient?httpclient?=?new?DefaultHttpClient();??
23. ??????????
24. ????????try?{??
25. ????????????BufferedReader?in?=?new?BufferedReader(new?FileReader("config/actionUrl.properties"));??
26. ????????????String?actionUrl;??
27. ????????????actionUrl?=?in.readLine();??
28. ????????????HttpPost?httppost?=?new?HttpPost(actionUrl);??
29. ??????????????
30. ????????????//?通过阅读源码可知，要想实现图片上传功能，必须将?MultipartEntity?的模式设置为?BROWSER_COMPATIBLE?。??
31. ????????????MultipartEntity?multiEntity?=?new?MultipartEntity(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);??
32. //????????????MultipartEntity?multiEntity?=?new?MultipartEntity();??
33. ??????????????
34. ????????????//?读取图片的?MIME?Type?类型集??
35. ????????????Properties?mimeTypes?=?new?Properties();??
36. ????????????mimeTypes.load(new?FileInputStream(new?File("config/MIMETypes.properties")));??
37. ??????????????
38. ????????????//?构造图片数据??
39. ????????????Properties?imageParams?=?new?Properties();??
40. ????????????imageParams.load(new?FileInputStream(new?File("config/imageParams.properties")));??
41. ????????????String?fileType;??
42. ????????????for(Map.Entry<Object,Object>?image?:?imageParams.entrySet())?{??
43. ????????????????String?path?=?image.getValue().toString();??
44. ????????????????fileType?=?path.substring(path.lastIndexOf(".")?+?1);??
45. ????????????????FileBody?binaryContent?=?new?FileBody(new?File(path),?mimeTypes.get(fileType).toString());??
46. //????????????????FileBody?binaryContent?=?new?FileBody(new?File(path));??
47. ????????????????multiEntity.addPart(image.getKey().toString(),?binaryContent);??
48. ????????????}??
49. ??????????????
50. ????????????//?构造表单参数数据??
51. ????????????Properties?formDataParams?=?new?Properties();??
52. ????????????formDataParams.load(new?FileInputStream(new?File("config/formDataParams.properties")));??
53. ????????????for(Entry<Object,?Object>?param?:?formDataParams.entrySet())?{??
54. ????????????????multiEntity.addPart(param.getKey().toString(),?new?StringBody(param.getValue().toString()));??
55. ????????????}??
56. ??????????????
57. ????????????httppost.setEntity(multiEntity);??
58. //????????????Out.println("executing?request?"?+?httppost.getRequestLine());??
59. ??????????????
60. ????????????HttpResponse?response?=?httpclient.execute(httppost);??
61. ????????????HttpEntity?resEntity?=?response.getEntity();??
62. ??????????????
63. //????????????Out.println("-------------------");??
64. //????????????Out.println(response.getStatusLine());??
65. ????????????if(resEntity?!=?null)?{??
66. ????????????????String?returnContent?=?EntityUtils.toString(resEntity);??
67. ????????????????EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);??
68. ??????????????????
69. ????????????????return?returnContent;?//?返回页面内容??
70. ????????????}??
71. ????????}?catch?(IOException?e)?{??
72. ????????????e.printStackTrace();??
73. ????????}?finally?{??
74. ????????????//?释放资源??
75. ????????????httpclient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();??
76. ????????}??
77. ????????return?null;??
78. ????}??
79. ??
80. ????//?测试??
81. ????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?{??
82. ????????Out.println("Response?content:?"?+?ClientMultipartFormPost.filePost());??
83. ????}??
84. ??
85. }?
    

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