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SpringCloud: 服务链路追踪(Spring Cloud Sleuth)

热度:123   发布时间:2023-10-20 13:38:20.0

这篇文章主要讲述服务追踪组件zipkin,Spring Cloud Sleuth集成了zipkin组件。

简介

Spring Cloud Sleuth 主要功能就是在分布式系统中提供追踪解决方案,并且兼容支持了 zipkin,你只需要在pom文件中引入相应的依赖即可。

服务追踪分析

微服务架构上通过业务来划分服务的,通过REST调用,对外暴露的一个接口,可能需要很多个服务协同才能完成这个接口功能,如果链路上任何一个服务出现问题或者网络超时,都会形成导致接口调用失败。随着业务的不断扩张,服务之间互相调用会越来越复杂。
SpringCloud: 服务链路追踪(Spring Cloud Sleuth)

术语

Span:基本工作单元,例如,在一个新建的span中发送一个RPC等同于发送一个回应请求给RPC,span通过一个64位ID唯一标识,trace以另一个64位ID表示,span还有其他数据信息,比如摘要、时间戳事件、关键值注释(tags)、span的ID、以及进度ID(通常是IP地址)
span在不断的启动和停止,同时记录了时间信息,当你创建了一个span,你必须在未来的某个时刻停止它。
Trace:一系列spans组成的一个树状结构,例如,如果你正在跑一个分布式大数据工程,你可能需要创建一个trace。
Annotation:用来及时记录一个事件的存在,一些核心annotations用来定义一个请求的开始和结束

cs - Client Sent -客户端发起一个请求,这个annotion描述了这个span的开始
sr - Server Received -服务端获得请求并准备开始处理它,如果将其sr减去cs时间戳便可得到网络延迟
ss - Server Sent -注解表明请求处理的完成(当请求返回客户端),如果ss减去sr时间戳便可得到服务端需要的处理请求时间
cr - Client Received -表明span的结束,客户端成功接收到服务端的回复,如果cr减去cs时间戳便可得到客户端从服务端获取回复的所有所需时间 

构建工程

下面我们来实战,本文的案例主要有三个工程组成:一个server-zipkin,它的主要作用使用ZipkinServer 的功能,收集调用数据,并展示;一个service-hi,对外暴露hi接口;一个service-miya,对外暴露miya接口;这两个service可以相互调用;并且只有调用了,server-zipkin才会收集数据的,这就是为什么叫服务追踪了。

  1. 构建server-zipkin
    建一个spring-boot工程取名为server-zipkin,在其pom引入依赖:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>cn.easted</groupId><artifactId>com</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><packaging>jar</packaging><name>com</name><description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>1.5.6.RELEASE</version><relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --></parent><properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding><java.version>1.8</java.version><spring-cloud.version>Dalston.SR3</spring-cloud.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId><artifactId>zipkin-server</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId><artifactId>zipkin-autoconfigure-ui</artifactId></dependency></dependencies><dependencyManagement><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-cloud.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency></dependencies></dependencyManagement><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId></plugin></plugins></build>
</project>

在其程序入口类, 加上注解@EnableZipkinServer,开启ZipkinServer的功能:

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZipkinServer
public class ZipkinApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(ZipkinApplication.class, args);}}

在配置文件application.yml指定服务端口为:

server:port: 9411
  1. 创建service-hi
    在其pom引入起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-zipkin,代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>cn.easted</groupId><artifactId>com</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><packaging>jar</packaging><name>com</name><description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>1.5.6.RELEASE</version><relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --></parent><properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding><java.version>1.8</java.version><spring-cloud.version>Dalston.SR3</spring-cloud.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-sleuth-zipkin</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies><dependencyManagement><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-cloud.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency></dependencies></dependencyManagement><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId></plugin></plugins></build></project>

在其配置文件application.yml指定zipkin server的地址,头通过配置“spring.zipkin.base-url”指定:

server: port: 8988
spring: zipkin: base-url: http://localhost:9411application: name: service-hi

通过引入spring-cloud-starter-zipkin依赖和设置spring.zipkin.base-url就可以了。
对外暴露接口:

package cn.easted.com;import org.apache.log4j.Level;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.sleuth.sampler.AlwaysSampler;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
public class ServiceHiApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(ServiceHiApplication.class, args);}private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(ServiceHiApplication.class.getName());@Autowiredprivate RestTemplate restTemplate;@Beanpublic RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){return new RestTemplate();}@RequestMapping("/hi")public String callHome(){LOG.log(Level.INFO, "calling trace service-hi");return restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8989/miya", String.class);}@RequestMapping("/info")public String info(){LOG.log(Level.INFO, "calling trace service-hi ");return "i'm service-hi";}@Beanpublic AlwaysSampler defaultSampler(){return new AlwaysSampler();}}
  1. 创建service-miya
    创建工程service-miya,引入相同的依赖,配置下spring.zipkin.base-url。
    application.yml:
server: port: 8989
spring: zipkin: base-url: http://localhost:9411application: name: service-miya

对外暴露接口:

package cn.easted.com;import org.apache.log4j.Level;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
public class ServiceMiyaApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(ServiceMiyaApplication.class, args);}private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(ServiceMiyaApplication.class.getName());@RequestMapping("/hi")public String home(){LOG.log(Level.INFO, "hi is being called");return "hi i'm miya!";}@RequestMapping("/miya")public String info(){LOG.log(Level.INFO, "info is being called");return restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8988/info",String.class);}@Autowiredprivate RestTemplate restTemplate;@Beanpublic RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){return new RestTemplate();}}
  1. 启动工程,演示追踪
    依次启动上面的三个工程,打开浏览器访问:http://localhost:9411/,会出现以下界面:
    SpringCloud: 服务链路追踪(Spring Cloud Sleuth)
    访问:http://localhost:8989/miya,浏览器出现:
i'm service-hi

访问:http://localhost:8988/hi,浏览器出现:

i'm service-hi

再打开http://localhost:9411/的界面,点击Dependencies,可以发现服务的依赖关系:
SpringCloud: 服务链路追踪(Spring Cloud Sleuth)
点击find traces,可以看到具体服务相互调用的数据:
SpringCloud: 服务链路追踪(Spring Cloud Sleuth)

SpringCloud: 服务链路追踪(Spring Cloud Sleuth)

参考出处:
http://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/70162074

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