问题描述
我有一个使用matplotlib绘制的3D图。
我想将3D图投影到特定角度,但是使用axis.view_init(elevation_angle,azimuthal_angle)不能覆盖我想要的角度,这是由于3个维度中只有3个旋转平面以及只有2个角度您可以在matplotlib中指定。
这是一个最小的工作示例。
import numpy,matplotlib,scipy
from matplotlib import pyplot
from scipy import constants
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.axes3d import Axes3D
pi=scipy.constants.pi
w= numpy.arange(0,5000,1)
def lorentzian(x,center,width,time,tau):
return 1.0/((1+((x-center)/width)**2)*width*pi)*numpy.exp(-time/tau)
centers= [1000.0,2000.0,4000.0]
widths = [100.0,300.0,50.0]
taus=numpy.zeros(len(widths))
for i in xrange(0,len(widths),1):
taus[i] = 1.0/widths[i]
time = numpy.array([0,0.019,0.033])
B = numpy.zeros((3,len(w)))
for z in xrange(0,len(time),1):
a= numpy.zeros(len(w))
for i in xrange(0,len(centers),1):
a = a + lorentzian(w,centers[i],widths[i],time[z],taus[i])
B[z] = a
ThreeD_spectrum_figure = matplotlib.pyplot.figure()
ThreeD_spectrum_axis = ThreeD_spectrum_figure.add_subplot(111, projection="3d")
colour = ["purple","green","orange"]
for i in xrange(0,len(time),1):
ThreeD_spectrum_axis.plot(w, B[i],time[i],color=colour[i],linewidth=3)
ThreeD_spectrum_axis.view_init( 135,-90)
matplotlib.pyplot.show()
这将生成下图所示的图形,我匆匆忙忙地在ms画图中添加了几行来显示旋转和轴。
红色表示绕Y轴旋转的方位角的角度控制。
蓝色显示仰角,绕X轴旋转。
黑色显示我需要的旋转,它将绕Z轴旋转,使用axis.view_init(elevation_angle,azimuth_angle)无法实现。
谁能提供任何帮助或见解以了解如何实现这种轮换? 谢谢
1楼
仅使用方位角即可实现围绕z轴的旋转。
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.animation
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.axes3d import Axes3D
pi=np.pi
w= np.arange(0,5000,1)
def lorentzian(x,center,width,time,tau):
return 1.0/((1+((x-center)/width)**2)*width*pi)*np.exp(-time/tau)
centers= [1000.0,2000.0,4000.0]
widths = [100.0,300.0,50.0]
taus=np.zeros(len(widths))
for i in xrange(0,len(widths),1):
taus[i] = 1.0/widths[i]
time = np.array([0,0.019,0.033])
B = np.zeros((3,len(w)))
for z in xrange(0,len(time),1):
a= np.zeros(len(w))
for i in xrange(0,len(centers),1):
a = a + lorentzian(w,centers[i],widths[i],time[z],taus[i])
B[z] = a
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection="3d")
colour = ["purple","green","orange"]
for i in xrange(len(time)-1,-1,-1):
ax.plot(time[i]*np.ones_like(w), w ,B[i]*np.ones_like(w),color=colour[i],linewidth=3)
ax.set_xlabel("x")
ax.set_ylabel("y")
ax.set_zlabel("z")
#(elev, azim)
ax.view_init(45,0)
phi = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi)
def update(phi):
ax.view_init(45, phi*180./np.pi)
ani = matplotlib.animation.FuncAnimation(fig, update, frames=phi)
ani.save(__file__+".gif", writer='imagemagick', fps=10)
plt.show()