2. 数据模型
典型的数据模型是树型结构，可以任意复杂和深层次，如下面的例子：
(root)
|
+- animals
| |
| +- mouse
| | |
| | +- size = "small"
| | |
| | +- price = 50
| |
| +- elephant
| | |
| | +- size = "large"
| | |
| | +- price = 5000
| |
| +- python
| |
| +- size = "medium"
| |
| +- price = 4999
|
+- test = "It is a test"
|
+- whatnot
|
+- because = "don't know"
类似于目录的变量称为hashes，包含保存下级变量的唯一的查询名字
类似于文件的变量称为scalars，保存单值
scalars保存的值有两种类型：字符串（用引号括起，可以是单引号或双引号）和数字（不要用引号将数字括起，这会作为字符串处理）
对scalars的访问从root开始，各部分用“.”分隔，如animals.mouse.price
另外一种变量是sequences，和hashes类似，只是不使用变量名字，而使用数字索引，如下面的例子：
(root)
|
+- animals
| |
| +- (1st)
| | |
| | +- name = "mouse"
| | |
| | +- size = "small"
| | |
| | +- price = 50
| |
| +- (2nd)
| | |
| | +- name = "elephant"
| | |
| | +- size = "large"
| | |
| | +- price = 5000
| |
| +- (3rd)
| |
| +- name = "python"
| |
| +- size = "medium"
| |
| +- price = 4999
|
+- whatnot
|
+- fruits
|
+- (1st) = "orange"
|
+- (2nd) = "banana"
这种对scalars的访问使用索引，如animals[0].name