请先参考：Android推送通知指南
这里使用了IBM提供的MQTT协议实现了推送。有一个wmqtt.jar包需要导入到工程，见附件。
然后编写PushService类实现一个服务，其中有个内部类：
MQTTConnection 实现了 MqttSimpleCallback接口，重写其中的publishArrived方法，我这里是当接受到推送的数据后显示一个Notification，点击该Notification后跳转到一个Activity上。
具体看PushService类，关键的地方我都用中文字说明了：
package com.ata.push;import org.json.JSONException;import org.json.JSONObject;import android.R;import android.app.AlarmManager;import android.app.Notification;import android.app.NotificationManager;import android.app.PendingIntent;import android.app.Service;import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;import android.content.Context;import android.content.Intent;import android.content.IntentFilter;import android.content.SharedPreferences;import android.net.ConnectivityManager;import android.net.NetworkInfo;import android.os.IBinder;import android.util.Log;import com.ata.view.NewMesageInfoActivity;import com.ibm.mqtt.IMqttClient;import com.ibm.mqtt.MqttClient;import com.ibm.mqtt.MqttException;import com.ibm.mqtt.MqttPersistence;import com.ibm.mqtt.MqttPersistenceException;import com.ibm.mqtt.MqttSimpleCallback;/* * PushService that does all of the work. * Most of the logic is borrowed from KeepAliveService. * http://code.google.com/p/android-random/source/browse/trunk/TestKeepAlive/src/org/devtcg/demo/keepalive/KeepAliveService.java?r=219 */public class PushService extends Service{ // this is the log tag public static final String TAG = "PushService"; // the IP address, where your MQTT broker is running. private static final String MQTT_HOST = "172.16.26.41";//需要改成服务器IP // the port at which the broker is running. private static int MQTT_BROKER_PORT_NUM = 1883;//需要改成服务器port // Let's not use the MQTT persistence. private static MqttPersistence MQTT_PERSISTENCE = null; // We don't need to remember any state between the connections, so we use a clean start. private static boolean MQTT_CLEAN_START = true; // Let's set the internal keep alive for MQTT to 15 mins. I haven't tested this value much. It could probably be increased. private static short MQTT_KEEP_ALIVE = 60 * 15; // Set quality of services to 0 (at most once delivery), since we don't want push notifications // arrive more than once. However, this means that some messages might get lost (delivery is not guaranteed) private static int[] MQTT_QUALITIES_OF_SERVICE = { 0 } ; private static int MQTT_QUALITY_OF_SERVICE = 0; // The broker should not retain any messages. private static boolean MQTT_RETAINED_PUBLISH = false; // MQTT client ID, which is given the broker. In this example, I also use this for the topic header. // You can use this to run push notifications for multiple apps with one MQTT broker. public static String MQTT_CLIENT_ID = "ata";//需要改成自己需要的名称 // These are the actions for the service (name are descriptive enough) private static final String ACTION_START = MQTT_CLIENT_ID + ".START"; private static final String ACTION_STOP = MQTT_CLIENT_ID + ".STOP"; private static final String ACTION_KEEPALIVE = MQTT_CLIENT_ID + ".KEEP_ALIVE"; private static final String ACTION_RECONNECT = MQTT_CLIENT_ID + ".RECONNECT"; // Connection log for the push service. Good for debugging. //private ConnectionLog mLog; // Connectivity manager to determining, when the phone loses connection private ConnectivityManager mConnMan; // Notification manager to displaying arrived push notifications private NotificationManager mNotifMan; // Whether or not the service has been started. private boolean mStarted; // This the application level keep-alive interval, that is used by the AlarmManager // to keep the connection active, even when the device goes to sleep. private static final long KEEP_ALIVE_INTERVAL = 1000 * 60 * 28; // Retry intervals, when the connection is lost. private static final long INITIAL_RETRY_INTERVAL = 1000 * 10; private static final long MAXIMUM_RETRY_INTERVAL = 1000 * 60 * 30; // Preferences instance private SharedPreferences mPrefs; // We store in the preferences, whether or not the service has been started //判断Service是否已经启动，不要重复启动！ public static final String PREF_STARTED = "isStarted"; // We also store the deviceID (target) //需要提供手机设备号，该设备号应该事先保存在SharedPreferences中 public static final String PREF_DEVICE_ID = "deviceID"; // We store the last retry interval public static final String PREF_RETRY = "retryInterval"; // Notification title public static String NOTIF_TITLE = "ata"; //需要改成自己需要的title // Notification id private static final int NOTIF_CONNECTED = 0; // This is the instance of an MQTT connection. private MQTTConnection mConnection; private long mStartTime; // Static method to start the service //在需要的地方直接调用该方法就启动监听了 public static void actionStart(Context ctx) { Intent i = new Intent(ctx, PushService.class); i.setAction(ACTION_START); ctx.startService(i); } // Static method to stop the service public static void actionStop(Context ctx) { Intent i = new Intent(ctx, PushService.class); i.setAction(ACTION_STOP); ctx.startService(i); } // Static method to send a keep alive message public static void actionPing(Context ctx) { Intent i = new Intent(ctx, PushService.class); i.setAction(ACTION_KEEPALIVE); ctx.startService(i); } @Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); log("Creating service"); mStartTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); /*try { //mLog = new ConnectionLog(); //Log.i(TAG, "Opened log at " + mLog.getPath()); } catch (IOException e) { Log.e(TAG, "Failed to open log", e); }*/ // Get instances of preferences, connectivity manager and notification manager mPrefs = getSharedPreferences(TAG, MODE_PRIVATE); mConnMan = (ConnectivityManager)getSystemService(CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE); mNotifMan = (NotificationManager)getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE); /* If our process was reaped by the system for any reason we need * to restore our state with merely a call to onCreate. We record * the last "started" value and restore it here if necessary. */ handleCrashedService(); } // This method does any necessary clean-up need in case the server has been destroyed by the system // and then restarted private void handleCrashedService() { if (wasStarted() == true) { log("Handling crashed service..."); // stop the keep alives stopKeepAlives(); // Do a clean start start(); } } @Override public void onDestroy() { log("Service destroyed (started=" + mStarted + ")"); // Stop the services, if it has been started if (mStarted == true) { stop(); } /* try { if (mLog != null) mLog.close(); } catch (IOException e) {} */ } @Override public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) { super.onStart(intent, startId); log("Service started with intent=" + intent); // Do an appropriate action based on the intent. if (intent.getAction().equals(ACTION_STOP) == true) { stop(); stopSelf(); } else if (intent.getAction().equals(ACTION_START) == true) { start(); } else if (intent.getAction().equals(ACTION_KEEPALIVE) == true) { keepAlive(); } else if (intent.getAction().equals(ACTION_RECONNECT) == true) { if (isNetworkAvailable()) { reconnectIfNecessary(); } } } @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { return null; } // log helper function private void log(String message) { log(message, null); } private void log(String message, Throwable e) { if (e != null) { Log.e(TAG, message, e); } else { Log.i(TAG, message); } /*if (mLog != null) { try { mLog.println(message); } catch (IOException ex) {} } */ } // Reads whether or not the service has been started from the preferences private boolean wasStarted() { return mPrefs.getBoolean(PREF_STARTED, false); } // Sets whether or not the services has been started in the preferences. private void setStarted(boolean started) { mPrefs.edit().putBoolean(PREF_STARTED, started).commit(); mStarted = started; } private synchronized void start() { log("Starting service..."); // Do nothing, if the service is already running. if (mStarted == true) { Log.w(TAG, "Attempt to start connection that is already active"); return; } // Establish an MQTT connection connect(); // Register a connectivity listener registerReceiver(mConnectivityChanged, new IntentFilter(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION)); } private synchronized void stop() { // Do nothing, if the service is not running. if (mStarted == false) { Log.w(TAG, "Attempt to stop connection not active."); return; } // Save stopped state in the preferences setStarted(false); // Remove the connectivity receiver unregisterReceiver(mConnectivityChanged); // Any existing reconnect timers should be removed, since we explicitly stopping the service. cancelReconnect(); // Destroy the MQTT connection if there is one if (mConnection != null) { mConnection.disconnect(); mConnection = null; } } // private synchronized void connect() { log("Connecting..."); // fetch the device ID from the preferences. String deviceID = mPrefs.getString(PREF_DEVICE_ID, null); // Create a new connection only if the device id is not NULL if (deviceID == null) { log("Device ID not found."); } else { try { mConnection = new MQTTConnection(MQTT_HOST, deviceID); } catch (MqttException e) { // Schedule a reconnect, if we failed to connect log("MqttException: " + (e.getMessage() != null ? e.getMessage() : "NULL")); if (isNetworkAvailable()) { scheduleReconnect(mStartTime); } } setStarted(true); } } private synchronized void keepAlive() { try { // Send a keep alive, if there is a connection. if (mStarted == true && mConnection != null) { mConnection.sendKeepAlive(); } } catch (MqttException e) { log("MqttException: " + (e.getMessage() != null? e.getMessage(): "NULL"), e); mConnection.disconnect(); mConnection = null; cancelReconnect(); } } // Schedule application level keep-alives using the AlarmManager private void startKeepAlives() { Intent i = new Intent(); i.setClass(this, PushService.class); i.setAction(ACTION_KEEPALIVE); PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getService(this, 0, i, 0); AlarmManager alarmMgr = (AlarmManager)getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE); alarmMgr.setRepeating(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP, System.currentTimeMillis() + KEEP_ALIVE_INTERVAL, KEEP_ALIVE_INTERVAL, pi); } // Remove all scheduled keep alives private void stopKeepAlives() { Intent i = new Intent(); i.setClass(this, PushService.class); i.setAction(ACTION_KEEPALIVE); PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getService(this, 0, i, 0); AlarmManager alarmMgr = (AlarmManager)getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE); alarmMgr.cancel(pi); } // We schedule a reconnect based on the starttime of the service public void scheduleReconnect(long startTime) { // the last keep-alive interval long interval = mPrefs.getLong(PREF_RETRY, INITIAL_RETRY_INTERVAL); // Calculate the elapsed time since the start long now = System.currentTimeMillis(); long elapsed = now - startTime; // Set an appropriate interval based on the elapsed time since start if (elapsed < interval) { interval = Math.min(interval * 4, MAXIMUM_RETRY_INTERVAL); } else { interval = INITIAL_RETRY_INTERVAL; } log("Rescheduling connection in " + interval + "ms."); // Save the new internval mPrefs.edit().putLong(PREF_RETRY, interval).commit(); // Schedule a reconnect using the alarm manager. Intent i = new Intent(); i.setClass(this, PushService.class); i.setAction(ACTION_RECONNECT); PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getService(this, 0, i, 0); AlarmManager alarmMgr = (AlarmManager)getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE); alarmMgr.set(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP, now + interval, pi); } // Remove the scheduled reconnect public void cancelReconnect() { Intent i = new Intent(); i.setClass(this, PushService.class); i.setAction(ACTION_RECONNECT); PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getService(this, 0, i, 0); AlarmManager alarmMgr = (AlarmManager)getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE); alarmMgr.cancel(pi); } private synchronized void reconnectIfNecessary() { if (mStarted == true && mConnection == null) { log("Reconnecting..."); connect(); } } // This receiver listeners for network changes and updates the MQTT connection // accordingly private BroadcastReceiver mConnectivityChanged = new BroadcastReceiver() { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { // Get network info NetworkInfo info = (NetworkInfo)intent.getParcelableExtra (ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO); // Is there connectivity? boolean hasConnectivity = (info != null && info.isConnected()) ? true : false; log("Connectivity changed: connected=" + hasConnectivity); if (hasConnectivity) { reconnectIfNecessary(); } else if (mConnection != null) { // if there no connectivity, make sure MQTT connection is destroyed mConnection.disconnect(); cancelReconnect(); mConnection = null; } } }; // Display the topbar notification private void showNotification(String content) { Notification n = new Notification(); n.flags |= Notification.FLAG_SHOW_LIGHTS; n.flags |= Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL; n.defaults = Notification.DEFAULT_ALL; n.icon = R.drawable.ic_dialog_info; n.when = System.currentTimeMillis(); Log.i("PushService", "json==="+content); String alert=null; String id=null; try { JSONObject json = new JSONObject(content); alert = json.optString("alert"); id = json.optString("id"); } catch (JSONException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } Intent intent = new Intent(this,NewMesageInfoActivity.class); intent.putExtra("url", "http://testing.portal.ataudc.com/message/"+id); intent.putExtra("id", id); PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0,intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_ONE_SHOT); // Change the name of the notification here n.setLatestEventInfo(this, NOTIF_TITLE, alert, pi); mNotifMan.notify(NOTIF_CONNECTED, n); } // Check if we are online private boolean isNetworkAvailable() { NetworkInfo info = mConnMan.getActiveNetworkInfo(); if (info == null) { return false; } return info.isConnected(); } // This inner class is a wrapper on top of MQTT client. private class MQTTConnection implements MqttSimpleCallback { IMqttClient mqttClient = null; // Creates a new connection given the broker address and initial topic public MQTTConnection(String brokerHostName, String initTopic) throws MqttException { // Create connection spec String mqttConnSpec = "tcp://" + brokerHostName + "@" + MQTT_BROKER_PORT_NUM; // Create the client and connect mqttClient = MqttClient.createMqttClient(mqttConnSpec, MQTT_PERSISTENCE); String clientID = MQTT_CLIENT_ID + "/" + mPrefs.getString(PREF_DEVICE_ID, ""); mqttClient.connect(clientID, MQTT_CLEAN_START, MQTT_KEEP_ALIVE); // register this client app has being able to receive messages mqttClient.registerSimpleHandler(this); // Subscribe to an initial topic, which is combination of client ID and device ID. initTopic = MQTT_CLIENT_ID + "/" + initTopic; subscribeToTopic(initTopic); log("Connection established to " + brokerHostName + " on topic " + initTopic); // Save start time mStartTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); // Star the keep-alives startKeepAlives(); } // Disconnect public void disconnect() { try { stopKeepAlives(); mqttClient.disconnect(); } catch (MqttPersistenceException e) { log("MqttException" + (e.getMessage() != null? e.getMessage():" NULL"), e); } } /* * Send a request to the message broker to be sent messages published with * the specified topic name. Wildcards are allowed. */ private void subscribeToTopic(String topicName) throws MqttException { if ((mqttClient == null) || (mqttClient.isConnected() == false)) { // quick sanity check - don't try and subscribe if we don't have // a connection log("Connection error" + "No connection"); } else { String[] topics = { topicName }; mqttClient.subscribe(topics, MQTT_QUALITIES_OF_SERVICE); } } /* * Sends a message to the message broker, requesting that it be published * to the specified topic. */ private void publishToTopic(String topicName, String message) throws MqttException { if ((mqttClient == null) || (mqttClient.isConnected() == false)) { // quick sanity check - don't try and publish if we don't have // a connection log("No connection to public to"); } else { mqttClient.publish(topicName, message.getBytes(), MQTT_QUALITY_OF_SERVICE, MQTT_RETAINED_PUBLISH); } } /* * Called if the application loses it's connection to the message broker. */ public void connectionLost() throws Exception { log("Loss of connection" + "connection downed"); stopKeepAlives(); // null itself mConnection = null; if (isNetworkAvailable() == true) { reconnectIfNecessary(); } } /* * Called when we receive a message from the message broker. * 在这里处理服务器推送过来的数据 */ public void publishArrived(String topicName, byte[] payload, int qos, boolean retained) { // Show a notification String s = new String(payload); showNotification(s); } public void sendKeepAlive() throws MqttException { log("Sending keep alive"); // publish to a keep-alive topic publishToTopic(MQTT_CLIENT_ID + "/keepalive", mPrefs.getString(PREF_DEVICE_ID, "")); } }}PushService是根据你的设备号来准确定位你的手机的，它是从SharedPreferences取得该设备号的，所以你得事先将你的设备号保存在SharedPreferences中，如下：
//启动PUSH服务 mDeviceID = Secure.getString(this.getContentResolver(), Secure.ANDROID_ID); Editor editor = getSharedPreferences(PushService.TAG, MODE_PRIVATE).edit(); editor.putString(PushService.PREF_DEVICE_ID, mDeviceID); editor.commit(); Log.i("tag", "mDeviceID====="+mDeviceID); PushService.actionStart(getApplicationContext());如果要关闭服务，只需要将下面的代码添加到想要的地方：
PushService.actionStop(getApplicationContext());
至于服务器端代码，我们使用php写的，这里请参考Android推送通知指南